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Judith H. Dobrzynski on Culture

New Book, Newly Relevant: “Selling Russia’s Treasures”

The article I published in The Wall Street Journal last week on the delusions people harbor regarding the Detroit bankruptcy and the Detroit Institute of Arts ended with a sentence on the so-called Stalin sales, the sales of Russia’s artistic treasures by the Bolsheviks after the 1917 Revolution. Handily, I had just received a copy of Selling Russia’s Treasures, published last month by Abbeville Press.

9780789211545The book documents those sales in English for the first time, drawing on recently opened archives — revealing the “bills of sale, secret letters and minutes from clandestine meetings that document the crude bartering of Russia’s art,” the press agent wrote in a letter accompanying the book. (The book was published in Russian about 10 years ago — this version is revised and expanded.) Edited by Nicolas V. Iljine and Natalya Semyonova, it includes contributions from other scholars. It contains verbatim inserts of documents, such as the “Decree on the Confiscation of the Property of the Deposed Emperor and Members of the Imperial Household,” and period photographs.

The plates are wonderful, each listing the work, the artist, the date of sale and the purchaser. For example, Cranach’s Adam and Eve was sold from the Hermitage on May 12-13, 1931 at an auction in Berlin by Lepke and now resides at the Norton Simon Museum in Pasadena. The accompanying text adds much more context — tracing the history from Goudstikker’s collection through Nazi hands in Germany and back to the Netherlands state after the war, etc.  A simpler example: Nicolas Lancret’s Les Gentilles Baigneuses, sold from the Hermitage in May 1930 to Calouste Gulbenkian, “who immediately resold the painting to George Wildenstein.” It’s now in a private collection. Catherine the Great had purchased it in Dresden in 1769.

On the cover is a detail from Raphael’s Alba Madonna, which has a tangled history from Rome to Naples to Madrid to London to Russia, purchased by Nicholas I. It remained in the Hermitage for almost 100 years until 1931, when Andrew Mellon bought it via three galleries, including Knoedler in New York, and gave it to the National Gallery of Art.

One of the book appendices provides a country-by-country rundown of the disposition of the art works.

Yes, you may be thinking, we know some of this — but not all, not in such detail, not so comprehensively discussed and documented.

All in all, it’s a sad tale — and I’ve only dipped into it, not read the whole thing. It would make a wonderful gift to someone this Christmas season.

Photo Credit: Courtesy of Abbeville

Breakthrough On Artists’ Resale Rights: Copyright Office Reverses Itself

ArtistsRightsThis just in from Rep. Jerry Nadler’s office:

Today, the United States Copyright Office released a new report, updating and reversing its analysis of resale royalties for the first time since 1992. This new analysis is important to visual artists, including illustrators, painters, photographers, and sculptors, and the market for the sale of their work. Many of the Copyright Office’s recommendations will be reflected in the new version of Congressman Jerrold Nadler’s (NY-10) Equity for Visual Artists Act, which he plans to introduce early in 2014.

Nadler had said late last month, at an evening sponsored by the International Foundation for Art Research, that he would redo a bill he’d previously sponsored. In one part, he pledged to reduce the amount paid to artists from auction sales to 5%, bringing it inline with European laws. The Copyright Office report will inform his new bill.

The text of the report can be found here and the press release is here.

The Copyright Office said it listened to public comments in reversing its past position and has therefore:

…concluded that certain visual artists may  operate at a disadvantage under the copyright law relative to authors of other  types of creative works. Contrary to its 1992 report, the Office is  supportive of further congressional exploration of a resale  royalty at this time. It also supports exploration  of alternative or complementary options that may take into account the broader  context of art industry norms and art market practices, for example, voluntary  initiatives or best practices for transactions and financial provisions  involving artworks.

Here’s The Art Newspaper’s report on the IFAR panel.

For his part, Nadler said “Unlike composers, lyricists, playwrights and screenwriters, the primary means by which visual artists support themselves is through the first sale of a physical work of art. It is fundamentally unfair that these artists receive no further compensation regardless of how much others earn from subsequent sales of their art.”

Still, it remains very unclear whether Nadler’s bill can get through Congress — or even get on the schedule.

Photo Credit: Courtesy of Rockalittle

“Trunk Show” — A Deplorable Development At the Met — CORRECTED AND UPDATED

The other day, a friend forwarded to me an email he had received from the Metropolitan Museum* — he was disgusted and I was horrified. It was an invitation sent via Paperless Post to a “Trunk Show” in the Met’s Balcony Lounge of “a unique jewelry collection” designed by Joel Alexander Rosenthal “to complement the exhibition of his jewels” that have been on view at the Met since Nov. 20 — the one called Jewels by JAR.  Here’s the invitation:

b4e6f578d189f8782b3ce76e8caf899d-20-16812687This trunk show, as you can see, will take place next Tuesday, Dec. 17, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. There is, as my friend pointed out, no information in the invitation of where or to whom any proceeds raised by the trunk show will be going. If it were a benefit for the Met, I am sure it would have been disclosed. That suggests that none or a very small portion of the proceeds will go to the Met.

UPDATE: It turns out that the proceeds DO go to the Met. “Maybe the language is not as clear as it could be,” said a Met spokeswoman to me in a call.

No kidding.

So, I am sorry I wrote that it would have been disclosed, above, if that were the case. I should have said it SHOULD have been disclosed, as I am not the only one who misread the invitation.

This development — using Met space for commercial activity – is deplorable. Still, I stand by what I said about exhibition itself — which I have not seen, but have certainly heard about.  Although it was said to be curated by Jane Adlin, an associate curator, I’m told by a pretty reliable source that Rosenthal selected the 400 pieces in the exhibition. Although most come from “private collections,” it’s not hard to see that some of them are probably for sale too. It’s too commercial for my taste.

I do recall another jewelry exhibition at which the Met sold — in its museum shop — high-end jewelry related to the show for a cut of the proceeds. This trunk show takes it a step further, and an odious one.

It JAR makes one wonder about the direction the Met is going: it used to set standards that other, less well-funded museums tried to follow. Now it’s down there with the worst of them.

In the press release, the Met called the JAR exhibition “the first retrospective in the United States of his work and the first retrospective at the Metropolitan Museum devoted to a contemporary artist of gems.” That’s nothing to crow about. Let’s hope — if this is a typical example — that it will be the last. As for the trunk show, the invitations should be resent with clarification. it should be stopped.

*I consult to a foundation that supports the Met.

 

Magical Thinking And The DIA

For weeks now, no months, I’ve been struck by the magical thinking that surrounds the Detroit bankruptcy-Detroit Institute of Arts situation. People are asserting opinions and notions that they want to be, rather than looking at the circumstances that exist — on both “sides” of the issue, if I may characterize them as sides.

Detroit-Institute-ArtsThat thought was behind an article I’ve written that is published in today’s Wall Street Journal, headlined Delusions in Detroit (though, truth be told, I’d have said Delusions About Detroit, because they’re not confined to the Motor City). My rationale:

These and other delusions are influencing decision-making, and that is a dangerous game. Before any decisions are reached, these half-truths and untruths must be shown for what they are and discarded.

I won’t elaborate on those in the article here — please just click on that link — because, believe me, several other things I had to say, or other pieces of my arguments, never made it into my article or are on the cutting room floor. Here are a few other points I wish I had had the space to raise:

  • I don’t know enough about Michigan politics to understand why the governor rescued Belle Isle, an island in the Detroit River that is home to the aquarium, a yacht club and other attractions, but the state leased it from Detroit for 30 years. But nor do I understand why the terms of the deal were acceptable. It saves $6 million in costs to the city each year, but the state provides no revenues to pay down debt. Imagine if that deal had been extended to the DIA. Problem solved..
  • Everyone seems to believe that the DIA can simply tour its collection to raise money, though proceeds would be pretty meager, as I write in the article, quoting two totals (one from the DIA’s own recent tours and one from the recent tour of masterpieces from Kenwood House). Need I remind people that such tours subject art works to inevitable wear-and-tear that might soon be intolerable? Any movement of paintings and sculptures involves risk to their integrity; too much movement is deadly. When I was at the DIA about 18 months ago, Graham Beal pointed out the toll on van Gogh’s Self-Portrait, the museum’s most-requested work. It just has to stay home for a while, and perhaps require conservation (unless that’s been done in the interim).
  • Another method of monetizing the collection involves proposed partnerships between cash-rich museums and the collection-rich DIA, but as I point out the one between the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, and Nagoya, Japan, achieves other purposes, but adds little to the MFA’s revenue stream. But here’s another reason to doubt the viability of this idea: Just last month, a deal between the Art Gallery of Western Ontario Australia and the Museum of Modern Art (details here) fell apart half-way through its three-year tenure — even though more than 230,000 people had visited the MoMA exhibitions since the series was launched last year. Citing high insurance costs and lower-than-expected ticket sales from the MoMA shows, the AGWA said the partnership was “no longer financially viable.” Here’s the letter from the museum’s director, Stephano Carboni, and here’s a report on it.
  • What about those for-profit groups that organize and tour money-making exhibitions, most notably the treasures from the tomb of King Tutankhamen show. Well, I couldn’t actual numbers for that show — which probably made profits as well as added revenues to the museums who showed it. Nonetheless, the stock of the company involved, Premier Exhibitions, Inc., sells for $1.14, close to its 52-week LOW of $1.03. Given that kind of loss in an up market, the outlook does  not look sound.
  • A variation on the philanthropists’ rescue scenario would have rich Michiganders buy the DIA’s works and retain ownership, placing the treasures on “permanent deposit” at the DIA. This has an upside: At some point, the owners might become donors and reap an increased tax benefit if the work appreciates. But legally, there’s no such thing legally as a “permanent loan,” lawyers tell me. In recent years, British galleries have struggled to pay for paintings long on deposit from families of the Dukes of Sutherland and Rutland, for example, but put in play when the lending family decided it needed cash.
  • A question for Emergency Manager Kevyn Orr and the governor, as they consider ways to get value from the DIA and, inevitably, harm it: Will any of the creditors dissolve if they don’t get paid, as the museum would?
  • As I keep pointing out, yes, the passage of the millage rescued the DIA from financial jeopardy last year, but remember that the museum has no debt and operates in the black.

Confession: I have bouts of magical thinking, too: I wish that analyses like mine in the WSJ and this one would convince Orr to lower his sights regarding the “contribution” he expects from the DIA — or better yet drop the demand altogether. The creditors can take care of themselves, mostly, and alleviating pensioners’ distress depends on the long-term viability of Detroit, which is enhanced by the DIA, not on a fight now over a few dollars per person.

UPDATE: In my article, I refer to a panel at an event sponsored by the International Foundation for Art Research. It has now posted a video of the evening, here.

 

How Are The Lady And The Bird Doing At The Frick? — UPDATED

FrickGirlIt’s time to check in on Vermeer, Rembrandt, and Hals: Masterpieces of Dutch Painting from the Mauritshuis at the Frick. Of course, it’s a success, it’s popular, but how popular? I asked Heidi Rosenau, the museum’s head of Media Relations & Marketing. some questions and here are the answers:

  • Between the opening on Oct. 22 and last Friday, the Frick sold 99,423 tickets. The average daily attendance figure is “more than double” the usual number during a strong fall. These  numbers don’t include people who visit on free evenings or free school groups or attendees at openings, etc.  “I’m sure that it is fair to say that over 105,000 have seen the show,” Rosenau said.
  • On the first Saturday of the exhibition, Oct. 26, the Frick broke its “all-time daily attendance record with 3,274 folks in the door” and then again on Friday, the day after Thanksgiving, it beat that with 3300 paying customers during the day, 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Tickets, btw, are $20.
  • But on that Friday night, the exhibition had a free public viewing (sponsored by Agnes Gund, see above link), and 946 people came between 6 p.m. and 9 p.m. So a one day total of 4,246.
  • The next day (Saturday), with no evening hours, 3,218 people came.
  • Steen-GirlWOystersRosenau suggests that some people, frustrated by the online ticket-buying experience, might just come to the museum — most days, they can buy timed tickets there for the same day.
  • Sales are booming — with shop revenue :about four times where it normally is during a strong autumn season.”
  • Better yet, the best seller is the catalogue.
  • Tidbit: for every 1,000 postcards sold of Girl with a Pearl Earring, the shop is selling 800 of Fabritius’s Goldfinch. Thank you, Donna Tartt.

Membership is also going strong, and I’ll be back with those numbers Monday afternoon.

UPDATE: During this exhibit, membership is growing at more than 100 people per day. In the past, the Frick got “perhaps three a day during a strong season.” Now, some days, the figure has reached as many as 120. That is a real bonanza for the Frick, not just in money but in loyalty.

UPDATE 2: I forgot to add that “For the first time in the institution’s history, the Frick has opened an additional Museum Shop space within the building to accompany a special exhibition” for this show. Not sure this is progress, but…

Since you know what The Goldfinch looks like, I’m posting Jan Steen’s Girl Eating Oysters, another lovely picture.

 

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About Judith H. Dobrzynski

Now an independent journalist, I've worked as a reporter in the culture and business sections of The New York Times, and been the editor of the Sunday business section and deputy business editor there as well as a senior editor of Business Week and the managing editor of CNBC, the cable TV

About Real Clear Arts

This blog is about culture in America as seen through my lens, which is informed and colored by years of reporting not only on the arts and humanities, but also on business, philanthropy, science, government and other subjects. I may break news, but more likely I will comment, provide

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