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Rifftides

Doug Ramsey on Jazz and other matters...

Charles Neville

 

New Orleans is mourning the death on Friday of Charles Neville, saxophonist and ever-smiling presence in the Neville Brothers band from 1977 to 2015. Charles was a focal point with his brothers Cyril, Art and Aaron in the family band that became one of the city’s most successful and celebrated musical groups. For years, they were a fixture of the New Orleans Jazz And Heritage Festival. Neville died at home in Huntington, Massachusetts.He moved to New England in the 1990s, returning frequently to his hometown for performances and family reunions. In a 2011 concert at Angel Park in Williamsburg, MA, he and bassist Tyler Heydolph played Horace Silver’s “Song For My Father.”

The close attention Neville paid to Heydolph’s solo was typical of his bandstand relationships. For more about his life and music, see New England Public Radio’s obituary.

Charles Neville, RIP.

A Dorough Tribute

In the aftermath of Bob Dorough’s death on Monday, increased attention is going to his extensive body of songs. Among Dorough’s greatest admirers is the Swedish trumpet player and singer Mårten Lundgren. With bassist and vocalist Helle Marstrand, pianist Sven-Erik Lundequist and drummer Espen Laub von Lillienskjod, Lundgren recorded an album of Dorough’s music and made a video version of “But For Now,” one of Dorough’s loveliest songs.

The memory of Bob Dorough is alive in Sweden.

Rifftides Nominated

Howard Mandel, president of the Jazz Journalists Association, just sent this welcome news:

Rifftides has been nominated for Blog of the Year in the 2018 (23rd annual) JJA Jazz Awards. Congratulations! People are reading!

Other nominees in that category are Jazz Wax by Marc Myers, Do the Math by Ethan Iverson, and Jazz Lives by Michael Steinman. Voting for the one winner (yes, a convention) is going on now — the “winner” will be announced May 7. You can see all nominees in 39 categories at JJA Jazz Awards. A Jazz Awards party is being planned for June 12 at New School Jazz premises in New York City, 4 to 7 pm.

If you are a JJA voting member, please keep us in mind.

Duke Ellington, 1899-1974

Forty-nine years ago this evening at the White House in Washington, DC, the president of the United States hosted a party honoring Duke Ellington on his 70th birthday and presenting him with the Presidential Medal Of Freedom. The United States Information Agency produced a short film about the occasion. The soundtrack of the film is a sort of collage incorporating bits of the evening’s music. The narrator is Willis Conover of the Voice Of America, who played an essential role in putting the evening together.

It was my good fortune to be invited to the Ellington party, along with fellow writers Leonard Feather and Dan Morgenstern. I later contributed liner notes to the Blue Note album containing music played by an all-star tribute band that serenaded Ellington with many of his compositions. In the band were trumpeters Bill Berry and Clark Terry; trombonists Urbie Green and J.J. Johnson; saxophonists Paul Desmond and Gerry Mulligan; and the rhythm section of pianist Hank Jones, guitarist Jim Hall, bassist Milt Hinton and drummer Louie Bellson. The singers were Joe Williams and Mary Mayo. From the liner notes:

Sitting behind Ellington, I heard him remark to Cab Calloway as Hinton appeared, “Look, there’s your bass player.“ Hinton hadn’t been in Calloway’s band in twenty years. When Desmond did a perfect Johnny Hodges impression during “Things Ain’t What They Used To Be,” Ellington sat bolt upright and looked astonished, a reaction that pleased Desmond when I described it. Hank Jones, Billy Taylor and Dave Brubeck played beautifully, but the hands-down winner in the piano category was the 65-year-old Earl “Fathah” Hines, who in two daring minutes of “Perdido” tapped the essence of jazz. Ellington stood up and blew him kisses. Later, Billy Eckstine, who sang with Hines’s band before he had his own, walked up to his old boss and gave him an accolade: “You dirty old man.”

The Nixons retired after the ceremony, but the party, which included dancing, lasted until nearly 3 a.m. No one who was at the White House that night is likely to forget it.

Bob Dorough Is Gone

Word has arrived that Bob Dorough died today at his home in Mount Bethel, Pennsylvania. He was 94.

Dorough’s greatest fame in popular culture stemmed from his central role in the enormously successful television series Schoolhouse Rock. The program informed and entertained children, and many adults, from 1973 to 1985.

Within the jazz community, Dorough was a beloved singer of literate and witty songs that he wrote and performed, usually accompanying himself as a skilled and harmonically adept pianist. In addition to his solo work, Dorough often shared appearances with Dave Frishberg. Despite their distinct personalities, the two might be considered alter-egos as pianists, composers and creators of original, sophisticated songs. Dorough had a similar relationship with Blossom Dearie. The three might be considered the New York triumvirate of hip, inside, singer-songwriters in the second half of the 1950s. Dorough’s “Comin’ Home Baby,” written with bassist Ben Tucker, was a Top-40 hit for Mel Tormé in 1962. More than two-dozen Dorough albums are in circulation. Dorough had the distinction of being one of the few singers, if not the only one, to record with trumpeter Miles Davis. His “Blue Xmas” and “Nothing Like You” were on Davis albums in the early 1960s.

Here he is peforming “Better Than Anything” with Doug Smith, his frequent bassist in later years.

Bob Dorough, RIP.

Catching Up

CATCHING UP

When albums come out of the mailbox in batches of five, six, eight a day—or more—it is possible to overlook, set aside or misplace some that are worthy of mention. Here are recommendations of a few that have languished on the shelf, some briefly, others for a while.

Joe Lovano & Dave Douglas Sound Prints, Scandal (Greenleaf Music)

Years of playing together have refined the compatibility that saxophonist Lovano and trumpeter Douglas have displayed since their initial collaboration in the San Francisco Jazz Collective in 2004. Their fascination with the music of Wayne Shorter is evident in Sound Prints not only in their arrangements of two of Shorter’s best-known compositions, “Fee-Fi-Fo-Fum” and “Juju,” but also in original pieces by the co-leaders. Bluesy, riff-like repeats in Douglas’s “Ups and Downs” constitute one example of Shorter’s influence. Two others are Lovano’s reflective “Full Moon” with its entwining horn lines, and the skittering energies in his short “High Noon,” a track whose solos would be welcome at greater length. Douglas’s “Libra” opens with the harmonic riches of Lawrence Field’s piano chorus. Douglas and Lovano achieve an album high point in their rich unison ensemble in that piece. Bassist Linda Han Oh and drummer Joey Baron round out the quintet. They and Fields constitute a tight rhythm section, abetted in Lovano’s “Full Sun” by Baron’s stick work and joyous cymbal splashes, Douglas’s rising swoops of high notes and Linda Oh’s crisply intoned bass solo.

Allen Toussaint, American Tunes (Nonesuch)

The late paragon of New Orleans music (1938-2015) recorded this album shortly before he died. The playlist includes two of his pieces, including the celebrated “Southern Nights.” It also has his piano performances of compositions by Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Fats Waller, Earl Hines and—perhaps to the surprise of some listeners—Bill Evans’ “Waltz For Debby.” Toussaint’s appreciation ran a wide gamut. Sidemen here can be surprising, among them guitarist Bill Frisell, saxophonist Charles Lloyd and lap steel guitarist Greg Leisz. On 19th Century New Orleans composer Louis Moreau Gottschalk’s “Danza,” Amy Shulman is at the harp. In his playing, Toussaint gives his chords a flow akin to running water. He sings one song, Paul Simon’s 1973 “American Tune.” It remains as moving as when Simon did it.

Idrees Sulieman Quartet, The 4 American Jazz Men In Tangier (Sunnyside)

Sulieman (1923-2002) was a distinctive early bebop trumpet player. His experience as a young man included McKinney’s Cotton Pickers, the Earl Hines big band, Sid Catlett and Cab Calloway. His range and flexibility allowed him later to be featured with Thelonious Monk, the Kenny Clarke/Francy Boland band and Gerry Mulligan’s Concert Band. Sulieman was notable for his fluency, a kind of edgy lyricism, and the cavernous sound he achieved with a cup mute. This double CD album was recorded in Algeria at a Tangiers radio station and in a New York City studio. It features the little-recognized pianist Oscar Dennard, bassist Jamil Nasser and drummer Buster Smith. Dennard’s harmonic gift triumphs over a piano that it would be kind to call adequate, but his solos are so interesting that the unfortunate instrument barely matters. Sulieman and company are particularly incisive in Charlie Parker’s “Visa.” This is a good way for anyone unfamiliar with Sulieman to learn what he was all about.

Hal Galper Quartet Featuring Jerry Bergonzi, Cubist (Origin)

In his album notes, pianist Galper writes that he was unaware of what “an interesting and unique composer” his longtime bass-playing associate Jeff Johnson is. The three pieces that Johnson contributed to Cubist leave no doubt about his writing ability. The title tune plus “Kiwi,” “Artists” and “Scene West” give Galper, Johnson and drummer John Bishop plenty of challenging material. They make the most of it. Galper’s post-bop credentials with Cannonball Adderly, Chet Baker and Phil Woods, among others, are part of his solid history. A few years ago he began to explore the challenges and charms of time-play, rubato, bypassing strict tempo—”stealing time,” as the Italians sometimes put it. The approach requires that all hands feel the time or non-time at the same intensity, with the same flexibility. Galper, Johnson, Bishop and tenor saxophonist Jerry Bergonzi feel it together. “Scene West” is thirteen minutes of slowly building intensity capped by a bear-growling Johnson bass solo. Galper rounds out the album with compatible pieces not written by Johnson; Miles Davis’s “Solar,” Johnny Carisi’s “Israel,” a relaxed Ellington “In A Sentimental Mood” with another superb Johnson solo and laid-back, adventurous Bergonzi, and Galper’s own “Scufflin’,” which has stretches of Bishop in strict time that is not entirely unwelcome.

Cubist is a stimulating experience throughout.

Armstrong And Ellington: Azalea

Until the past couple of days, spring around here was a date on the calendar and a rumor. But now there are tulips in front of the house. And magnolia blossoms 15 feet from the kitchen window.

Next on the list was azaleas, but during my cycling expedition, there was not an azalea to be found. Then, I remembered this one:

The enlightened regular Rifftides audience doesn’t need IDs, but just in case someone new dropped by, these were the players: Louis Armstrong, trumpet and voice; Duke Ellington, piano, with drummer Danny Barcelona and bassist Mort Herbert from Armstrong’s rhythm section in 1961, when that was recorded. The album has been reissued.

Here’s a bonus, azaleas pirated from the internet.

Recent Listening In Brief (short…capsulesque…itty-bitty…not long)

Danny GreenTrio Plus Strings, One Day It Will (OA2)

Pianist Green’s earlier album Altered Narratives put strings with his trio on three tracks. The melding with a string quartet worked nicely. One Day It Will carries the idea to album length, with excellent arrangements by Green and smooth interaction among a string quartet and the trio featuring bassist Justin Grinnell and drummer Julien Cantelm. Among many highlights: the evocative languor of Green’s “October Ballad,” Cantelm’s accents amounting to commentary behind Green’s dancing solo on “As The Parrot Flies,” Grinell’s solo on the waltz “Lemon Avenue,” the richness of Kate Hatmaker’s violin on “As The Parrot Flies.” Sound quality is superb.

Jeremy Pelt, Noir en Rouge Live In Paris (High Note)

The trumpeter and his quintet recorded Noir en Rouge in Paris during a heat wave last summer. They were hot in more than one sense. Pelt, pianist Victor Gould, bassist Vicente Archer, drummer Jonathan Barber and percussionist Jacuelene Acevedo had established their unity and fire in the earlier Make Noise! for High Note. Now they refined their togetherness before the famously knowledgeable and appreciative audience at the Sunset-Sunside club. Pelt long since established himself as a great trumpeter, continually refining his inheritance of the Lee Morgan-Freddie Hubbard-Woody Shaw tradition. His mastery of harmonic language, trumpet technique, phrasing and the art of knowing what to leave out make his continuing artistic growth worth following. In Paris, the quintet concentrated on Pelt compositions with the exception of a slow, deeply felt performance of Parisian Michel LeGrand’s “I Will Wait For You” from the film The Umbrellas Of Cherbourg. One can almost hear the audience listening. Their second or two of silence following Pelt’s final note is as much a tribute as the applause and cheers that follow.

Kairos Sextet, Transition (Dafnison Music)

The Kairos Sextet are protégés of the superb Cuban drummer Dafnis Prieto, who assembled them from among his students at Miami’s Frost School of Music after he came to the US a decade ago. The group has been in demand for work supporting major players including Dave Liebman and Joe Lovano, but in Transition, they are on their own, gloriously so. Prieto’s guidance may have been essential in the band’s formation, but trumpeter Sam Neufeld, saxophonists Sean Johnson and Tom Kelley, pianist Nick Lamb, bassist Jon Dadurka and drummer Johnathan Hulett have evolved into an ensemble whose solo abilities and big collective sound put them in the first rank of contemporary groups. The pieces are original compositions by the members, except for Victor Schertzinger’s classic “I Remember You.” Kelley gives it a stirring arrangement with minor-key flavors.

The Three Sounds, Groovin’ Hard, Live At The Penthouse 1964-1968 (Resonance)

There is no excuse for my having let this album languish on the shelf all these months. It is what upscale music magazines used to call a basic repertoire item. The Three Sounds thrived for a few years under the leadership of pianist Gene Harris. For most of the group’s existence, Andy Simpkins was the bassist and Bill Dowdy the drummer. Engineer and celebrated on-air host Jim Wilke recorded the group when he presented them in live broadcasts that became steady fare for Seattle-area listeners. The trio has sometimes been described as representative of jazz-rock, but their music was deeper and broader than the term suggests, as this album’s “Yours Is My Heart Alone,” “The Night Has A Thousand Eyes” and “The Shadow Of Your Smile” attest. It’s not just a question of repertoire, but of musicianship and the blues feeling with which Harris, Simpkins and Dowdy infused everything they played. That includes Ray Brown’s “A.M. Blues,” Toots Thielemans’ “Bluesette” and Three Sounds specialties like “Rat Down Front” and “The Boogaloo.” Kalil Madi or Carl Burnett substitute on drums for Dowdy on a few tracks and carry the torch splendidly. Resonance Records and Wilke deserve praise for preserving the music and finally releasing this album. Warning: It could make you decide to dust off your 1960s boogaloo moves.

Denny Zeitlin’s Birthday

Leave it to readers to keep the Rifftides staff up to date. Otherwise, it might have skipped my attention that this is Denny Zeitlin’s 80th birthday. As you will momentarily see and hear, Zeitlin has retained the vigor and style that have helped keep him one of the most consistently interesting pianists of his generation; indeed, of any generation. In one of his recent annual concerts at the Piedmont Piano Company in Oakland, California, Zeitlin featured works of Thelonious Monk. Here, he introduces one of Monk’s best-known compositions and explains its geneology.

Happy birthday, Dr. Zeitlin.

Dr? Yes, he is a psychiatrist. Ripostes about that conjunction of professions probably won’t be new, but all comments will be considered.

Thanks to Bret Primack for the video.

Weekend Extra: Manny Albam And Dr. Millmoss

There is only one reason to bring you Manny Albam’s “Poor Dr. Millmoss”—it is a delight. It’s from the first of two Jazz Greats Of Our Time sessions that the prolific composer and arranger (pictured) recorded in the 1950s—one with star east coast musicians, the other with some of the most prominent west coast players. Albam made the east coast “Millmoss” in New York in 1957 with Gerry Mulligan, Al Cohn, Zoot Sims, Phil Woods, Bob Brookmeyer, Nick Travis, Art Farmer, Osie Johnson, Milt Hinton and Hank Jones. In the video, the soloists are identified by name, for which Erlendur Svavarsson, who posted the track, deserves great credit. (Photo: Monk Rowe)

Manny Albam was a fan of James Thurber’s work in general and, in particular, of what may be Thurber’s most famous New Yorker cartoon. If you weren’t around in 1934, or you don’t know about Dr. Millmoss, or the name James Thurber means nothing to you, click here.

A Spanish company has put both of Albam’s Jazz Greats recordings on CD. I haven’t heard the reissue and cannot comment on the remastering quality. The sound of the original Coral LPs was excellent.

Cecil Taylor Is Gone

Cecil Taylor, a pianist who fashioned his music from myriad styles and sources, died yesterday in New York. He was 89. From his earliest recordings in the mid-1950s with bassist Buell Nieidlinger, drummer Dennis Charles and soprano saxophonist Steve Lacy, Taylor pursued daring and swam upstream against jazz orthodoxy. This is how critic Ben Ratliff put it in an obituary in today’s New York Times.

At the center of his art was that dazzling physicality and the percussiveness of his playing — his deep, serene, Ellingtonian chords and hummingbird attacks above middle C — which held true well into his 80s.

Affirming that characterization and Taylor’s mastery of piano technique, here he is in a free improvisation in 1981, when he was 48. Close listening discloses those deep chords and a few bebop allusions that may have been whimsical; with Taylor, it was often hard to be sure.

To read all of Ben Ratliff’s comprehensive Taylor obituary—which is full of insights—go here.

Cecil Taylor, RIP.

Bill Kirchner: Two Views

Composer, saxophonist, bandleader and author Bill Kirchner is the subject of two new articles that recognize his decades of creativity. One piece is in the new issue of Allegro, the magazine of New York’s American Federation of Musicians local 802. The other is in the Canadian bassist Steve Wallace’s admired weblog. In his extensive evaluation of Kirchner’s career, Wallace writes,

I was left puzzling over two questions. One, how in the world could one man, no matter how multi-talented, find the time and energy to wear so many jazz hats and wear them so well? And two, why hadn’t I heard more of his music, or know more about it? I knew he played saxophone and did some arranging but mostly I knew of Bill through his liner notes, in particular the extensive ones he wrote for the Mosaic box set of the Verve recordings of Gerry Mulligan’s Concert Jazz Band. In fact, as I would come to find out, I’d read much more along these lines by Bill than I realized.

To see all of the first installment of Wallace’s appreciation, go here.

Here a bit of Todd Bryant Weeks’ Allegro article about Kirchner:

Kirchner led his nonet for over 20 years and recorded five albums. “Of everything I’ve done, that’s what I’m most proud of,” he tells me. “With that band, we showed what was possible with a medium-sized jazz band. In terms of colors, we had lots of doubles. We played everything from straight-ahead to Brazilian to funk to avant garde. It was really an orchestral concept of a medium-sized band. Most medium-sized jazz bands are what I call ‘nine-piece quintets.’ You know, it’s like an orchestrated theme, a bunch of solos, and D.S. al Fine. This was way more than that. There was lots of soloing, but it was integrated into an orchestral framework.”

For all of Weeks’ article, click here.

Now, let’s hear a sample of the work that generated the praise. From the Kirchner Nonet’s Lifeline album on the Jazzheads label, here is the leader’s arrangement of pianist Joe Sample’s “Fancy Dance.” Chip Jackson is the bass soloist. Bud Burridge solos on flugelhorn, Kenny Berger on baritone sax and Dick Oatts on soprano sax.

It is good to see a hard-working and talented creative artist get a bit of the recognition he has earned.

(The earlier post of this piece had errors in the solo rundown on “Fancy Dance.”  It is now correct.—DR)

April 3 Birthdays, Scott LaFaro’s Among Them

The Jazz West Coast list serve often begins its posts with the names of jazz people born on the current date. The April 3 list is a profusion of such names.

• Paul Abler, guitar, 1957 (d. March 3, 2017)
• Jamie Davis, vocal
• Doris Day, vocal, 1922
• Terry Deane, tenor sax, 1972 (d. March 19, 2017)
• Bill Finegan, arranger, leader, piano, composer, 1917 (d. June 5, 2008)
• Stan Freeman, piano, celeste, vocal, arranger, 1920 (d. Jan. 13, 2001)
• James Gelfand, piano, 1959
• Art Harris, piano, French horn, vocals, arranger, (or March 4) 1927 (d.
1992)
•Kenny Kersey, piano, 1916 (d. Apr.1, 1983)
• Eric Kloss, soprano, alto and tenor sax, 1949
• Scott LaFaro, bass, 1936 (d. July 6, 1961)
• Dennis Mackrel, drums, 1962
• Jimmy McGriff, organ, 1936 (d. May 24, 2008)
• Bubber Miley, trumpet, 1903 (d. May 20, 1932)
• Bob Mitchell, trumpet, 1920
• Mary O’Keefe, drums
• Walter “Fats” Pichon, piano, vocal, 1906 (d. Feb. 26, 1967)
• Bill Potts, piano, arranger, 1928 (d. Feb. 16, 2005)
• Tessa Souter, vocal
• Martin Speake, alto saxophone, 1958
• Scott Stroman, trombone, vocals, composer, conductor 1958
• Mayo Tiana, trombone, 1942
• Billy Taylor, bass, tuba, arranger, 1906 (d. Sept. 2, 1986)
• Ray Vega, trumpet, 1961
• Harold Vick, tenor & soprano saxes, flute, 1936 (d. Nov. 13, 1987)

It would be tempting to attach a video clip to each of those names, but we don’t want to keep you up all night. Let’s be arbitrary and let Scott LaFaro be the surrogate birthday artist for all 26 of the performers born on this day. His composition “Gloria’s Step” is one of the pieces that LaFaro played with pianist Bill Evans’ trio in their celebrated Sunday at the Village Vanguard performances of 1961. LaFaro’s skill, creativity and ingenuity as a bassist and his interaction with Evans and drummer Paul Motian were central to the trio’s musical achievement. He influenced virtually every bassist who succeeded him. His innovations were crucial to a redefinition of jazz rhythm sections. LaFaro’s death in an automobile crash at 25 devastated Evans, who required a long recovery before resuming his career.

Scott Lafaro, 1936-1961

Recent Listening In Brief

Recent Listening In Brief

Edward Simon, Sorrows & Triumphs (Sunnyside)

Pianist-composer-arranger Simon is engrossed in jazz, his heritage in Latin-American music and his studies of Buddhism. Sorrows & Triumphs blends those and other aspects of his preoccupations, and Simon refines the individuality that has made him one of the most interesting—although insufficiently recognized—musicians to have emerged in the past three decades. The album, due for release this month, brings together the combo known as the Imani Winds with Simon’s ensemble Afinidad and vocalist Gretchen Parlato. Afinidad includes alto saxophonist David Binney, bassist Scott Colley and drummer Brian Blade. Percussionist Rogerio Boccato and Luis Quintero and guitarist Adam Rogers are guest artists. If that rundown reads like the description of a contemporary all-star group, it is.

The album’s two sections of music, “Sorrows and Triumphs” and “House of Numbers,” encompass a variety of moods and textures. For all its liveliness in some pieces, the collection has an air of contemplation about it. That is particularly true of Simon’s final two pieces, “Chant” and Venezuela Unida,” the latter clearly created with his native country in mind.

 

Rich DeRosa, Perseverence (University of North Texas)

Distinguished as a jazz educator at the University of North Texas, Rich De Rosa has wider recognition as one of the premier arrangers of the 21st century. Since joining the UNT faculty in 2010, DeRosa has written brilliantly for the school’s legendary One O’Clock and Two O’Clock Lab Bands and for other orchestras in the United States and abroad. Perseverance provides copious evidence of his mastery. It includes a dazzling version of Ellington’s “Take The ‘A’ Train”; a fugue full of wit and complexities; perfectly integrated electronics in the title tune; a quiet, reflective version of the Wayne Shorter ballad “Infant Eyes”; the expansive five-part “Suite For An Anniversary”; and a tribute to the longtime UNT jazz program head Neil Slater. Slater’s work fills this 4-CD UNT box.

As for the One O’clock Band  And and Two O’clock Band soloists, it stretches belief to accept that they are students, not seasoned professionals.

 

Azar Lawrence, Elementals (High Note)

Lawrence was one of the young saxophonists all but consumed by John Coltrane’s revolutionary transformation of the instrument’s role in jazz in the 1960s. Elementals establishes that on soprano and tenor sax, he continues as a loyal Coltrane disciple. Particularly on the title track, the Latinate “Brazilian Girls” and “African Chant,” he reestablishes his dedication to Coltrane’s expansiveness and vitality, although with little evidence of his mentor’s tonal graininess on tenor. Pianist Benito Gonzales is correspondingly loyal to McCoy Tyner’s energetic approach. Drummer Marvin “Smitty” Smith is supportive and energetic throughout. Guest guitarist Greg Poree adds atmospheric touches to “Solar Winds.” An odd matter of titleing: the piece called “Koko” bears no apparent relationship to the classic Charlie Parker composition of the same name that was based on “Cherokee.” The album is enjoyable and stimulating not in spite of but because of what we might call its Coltraneity.

 

Willie Nelson, American Classic (Blue Note)

Sometimes an album arrives, sinks into the sea of new releases and doesn’t surface for years. That’s what happened with American Classic. When the minimally packaged 2009 advance release finally popped out of hiding, I hoped that it would be a worthy successor to Nelson’s Stardust, his previous collection of standard songs. Sorry, it isn’t. Johnny Mandel provided arrangements of four songs, but anyone who didn’t know that would never have guessed it based on the evidence.  Diana Krall and Nora Jones are sui generis as duet partners on a couple of tracks. If the rest of the pieces had the verve and insouciance that Nelson finds in “On The Street Where You Live” and his bluesy touches to Buddy Johnson’s “Since I Fell For You,” it would come closer to the claim of the title.

Sultanof Arrangements, Part 2

Today, Rifftides offers the second installment of scholar, teacher and historian Jeff Sultanof’s essay on pleasures and challenges in the craft of correcting arrangements.

 Exploring Buried Treasure in Plain Sight, Part 2

By Jeff Sultanof

A tangent:

I was fortunate to have Jerome Graff (pictured) as a mentor and colleague for thirty-five years. Graff was one of the top vocal arranger/conductors in the music business, initially as the chief arranger and member of the vocal group The Beachcombers, who were a very popular lounge act at the Sands Hotel in Las Vegas. They also opened in the main room for such acts as Frank Sinatra, Lena Horne (Jerry wrote special material for her) and Nat Cole; Jerry even appeared on Cole’s television show. Such arrangers as Gene Puerling (The Hi-Los) and Bob Alcivar (The Fifth Dimension) have named him an important influence in group vocal music. I learned about act writing and conducting from him (among many other things), eventually working with him orchestrating and producing recordings. When I met him in 1973, he was still active in a business when singers of all types were performing in clubs, auditoriums, casinos and television. I heard many acts over the years: bona-fide stars, television actors who needed a few numbers to play live venues and increase their visibility, and near-amateurs who had money and a dream. Jerry and I would discuss them.

Jerry taught me that different performers needed different types of acts, that a new performer with no hits needed powerful material to make an impression and go to the bigger, more prestigious clubs, but a star could get away with simply performing his or her hits most of the time; audiences felt cheated if they weren’t performed. However, he believed that a total greatest-hits presentation was a cop-out, that you needed to have a strong structure with one song naturally moving to another. He wanted audiences to wonder how an hour of entertainment went flying by and felt like five minutes. In particular, an audience member needed to feel that each time he or she would see a performer, the show would be even better than the last time (a great example of this was Mitzi Gaynor, who toured every year with a new show that was spectacular and always packed the houses she played).

The conductor of an act is close to a conductor trained for musical theater and/or opera. Lothar Perl, my composition teacher, told me that positions in local opera houses were the best way for a new conductor to train. Accompanying singers is a discipline that warrants a form of radar different from symphony conducting. Skipped bars, blown lyrics, and temporary memory loss while speaking to the audience with music in the background are possible issues that demand immediate response from a conductor so that it does not seem like the artist made a mistake. The musicians reading this who have played behind singers no doubt have some great stories about some real-life disasters, particularly playing behind artists who were once big stars and simply don’t sound very good anymore. I’ve seen the look of panic on a conductor’s face, and the upset faces of the musicians.

So that held note with “Mona Lisa” next to it indicated that if Cole performed the up-tempo “Just One of Those Things” which was not a chart hit for him, he would follow it with one of his biggest records. The audience would experience a mood change, but would remain on a high with something they’d been waiting to hear. There are different ways a star can seduce you, and if the material is right, you remember how you felt in his or her presence long after you go home. The right song programming and continuity (the between-song jokes or introductions) are essential.

I observed various changes in different scores. I saw that the original introduction to “Walkin’ My Baby Back Home” was not used, that what was recorded came from the first few bars of ensemble with Cole singing the melody, also that the interlude was cut by eight bars, most likely for timing purposes (producers were encouraged to limit a track to three minutes or so). But “Walkin’” presented an interesting situation: the parts used at the recording session were marked up extensively, indicating that they were used a lot in live performance. In fact, they were so marked up that a new set of parts was prepared from those originals, with optional cuts (and some of the same errors). Perhaps that entire interlude was used or not used in different circumstances. It is a wonderful occurrence to have two sets of parts, because each one has its own sets of stories to tell, but can also potentially confuse things even more.

Another surprise awaited me when I examined the score to “Just One of Those Things,” namely that Billy May (pictured right) wrote out the first few pages entirely, and his hand continues on some parts while other parts are in a different hand. He obviously needed help finishing the arrangements on the date. This is yet another instance of ‘ghostwriting’ and the helper’s name does not appear in Jack Mirtle’s monumental discography on May, so this is new information. With the amount of television, motion picture and recording work happening on both East and West coasts, arrangers gladly helped each other finish work that was needed in a hurry. In New York, several arrangers lived within a short area of Central Park West and streets in the 70s blocks and helped each other on record dates and live television shows.

Rob DuBoff supplied samples of the work of Heinie Beau, who helped May out several times, but the handwriting doesn’t match. My guess is that Walter Sheets is the co-arranger, an excellent musician who helped Billy on the Ella Fitzgerald/Harold Arlen album. May met Sheets while both were arranging for the Bing Crosby radio show. Parts in constant use are similar to a negative of a movie that is very popular; many have simply fallen apart. “Mona Lisa” is an excellent case in point where decisions have to be made because there is a lot of pencil on them. This arrangement was written in Db, not a very popular key for string players, but musicians understand there is a world of difference between Db and D for singers.

Since there were a few different arrangements made of this song, one of Nat’s biggest hits, I first sorted out the parts to find the originals, because the score is not in the collection. Thankfully, Capitol stamped the original parts. Not only that, the original ozalid onion skins are here as well (a process to produce multiple copies of a part before photocopying became a reality). Professional musicians at sessions immediately recognized the odor of ammonia when copies of ozalid parts were handed out.

Pros know that very often, slurs cannot be followed exactly, since some arrangers write such long slurs that they cannot be taken literally. String players are particularly watchful for this, since a bow can only go so far, and a long phrase marking is totally meaningless to them. Have you noticed when you watch an orchestra’s string section that all of the bows go in the same direction? This is deliberate, as bowings are determined by the concertmaster and are marked in the parts (most major symphony orchestras have an archive of marked-up parts to the masterpieces of Beethoven, Brahms and Stravinsky; it is instructive to look at the bowings used by Mahler, Walter, and Bernstein). In the case of “Mona Lisa,” the bowings and slurs are clearly marked, and Rob and I love including them. This is yet another way to be closer to the music, observing the mechanics of making it ‘sound’ by masters in their field.

Writing out these things is a way to commune with the arrangers and the musicians who played these parts, as well as honoring them; to me it is a form of meditation. Because I trained to arrange and conduct for artists such as Cole, the experience of examining this music on this level is quite insightful and often profound. So many things are clearer to me because the arranger is speaking to me directly, not through a microphone. There is the added perk of making them available for performance and study in the best form possible.

Great art should be preserved and disseminated, and music is meant to be played and heard. The work of the great arrangers we admire is finally being acknowledged as great art.

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( Profound thanks to Jeff Sultanof for his illuminating contribution)

 

There Will Be A Slight Delay

Technical difficulties are delaying the posting of part 2 of Jeff Sultanof’s guest article on arrangers and arranging. We think that help is on the way but, after all, this is a holiday weekend. Watch this space.

In the meantime, however long that may turn out to be, Rifftides wishes you and your loved ones a happy Easter. We hope that you see fuzzy friends like these in your back yard.

Jeff Sultanof On The Archeology Of Arrangements

Rifftides is delighted that Jeff Sultanof has agreed to contribute another piece. A distinguished expert on arrangers and arranging, Mr. Sultanof is the author of the invaluable book Experiencing Big Band Jazz: A Listener’s Companion. One of the book’s running themes is the essential role of arrangers. Jeff’s current project involves scores written for Nat “King” Cole. A great jazz pianist who became one of the most popular singers in the world, Cole (1919-1965) worked with some of the best arrangers of his time. An educator and an experienced arranger himself, Jeff specializes in finding valuable scores and correcting them. As you will see in his essay, for a variety of reasons errors crop up even in the work of the most skilled orchestrators. Identifying and correcting the oversights and mistakes can be, to say the least, a challenge. As always, I am extremely grateful to Mr. Sultanof for his contribution. The essay is long, detailed and fascinating. We are presenting it in two parts.

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Exploring Buried Treasure in Plain Sight, Part 1 

By Jeff Sultanof

The subject stems from preparing, for publication, scores written for Nat Cole. The originals are housed at the Schomburg Center in the Harlem section of New York City. Since it has become clear recently that several <em>Rifftides</em> readers are musicians, I am including some detail for their information and enlightenment.

I have been spending a lot of time at the Schomburg Center, a beautiful facility that has many collections of the papers of such artists as Maya Angelou, James Baldwin, Don Redman, and the reason for my visits, Nathaniel Adams (King) Cole. Rob DuBoff, Dylan Canterbury and I are preparing editions of some of Cole’s music. Rob sees to getting proper licensing for print editions.

This year marks Cole’s 100th birthday. Last year was Ella Fitzgerald’s centennial, and tribute concerts were given all over the world. Thanks to the cooperation of Fran Morris Rosman and Richard Rosman of the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation, many Fitzgerald arrangements were prepared for sale. Their writers included Nelson Riddle, Billy May, Marty Paich, Frank DeVol and Ralph Carmichael. Copies of these arrangements were to be found on the desks of several major symphony orchestral musicians and interpreted by many artists. Monies from their sale went to the Fitzgerald Foundation, which was established to provide educational opportunities for children and medical care for people in need.

Every research facility with historic materials has its policies and restrictions. Users of the Schomburg Center (pictured above) are not allowed to photocopy or take photos of music here, so I am hand-copying new scores of several arrangements in the Cole collection, editing and correcting them as I go. Copying music poses no issues for me; when I began this work forty-five years ago, most scores were not available or no longer existed. So, the parts that I could find needed to be copied out, creating new full scores. This is the only way to look at each part against all the other parts, and find errors. It was this background that helped me get a job as an editor at Warner Bros. Publications, where I studied everything I edited and proofread for two years, the minimum time it takes to become an experienced music editor.

Rob DuBoff (pictured) has been editing music for twenty-five years, and has also worked on projects that had a variety of issues not easily solved (he and Dylan Canterbury just completed Ellington’s “Black, Brown and Beige,” and Rob has plenty of stories about that). In addition, he is a master at computer engraving. Although I am still learning Finale, for this project I use my own shorthand and I can write fairly quickly, proofreading against the parts as a final check. There is indeed something wonderful about seeing each part added and watching the music be re-created. My routine is to write out the music, bring it home and look at it, then proof it the next time I am at Schomburg. I specialize in finding valuable scores and correcting them; in many cases Rob goes to various archives and sends them to me, and works on many of these scores himself.

Examining a collection of music like this is like opening a treasure chest. I have edited concert music as well as pop and jazz (among the most notable historical collections are the orchestral scores of George Gershwin, Charlie Parker with Strings, Frank Sinatra, Dean Martin, Gil Evans, Robert Farnon, Claude Thornhill, Ella Fitzgerald, and the music for the Miles Davis Nonet, for which most scores did not exist). Many scores have their share of revelations. There are a few instances where history can be updated or changed entirely. One such instance was discovering that Parker’s version of “Autumn in New York” was not by Joe Lipman, as long thought. I am fairly sure that Glenn Osser wrote the arrangement.

Scores that you think exist may not be where you’d hoped they were; perhaps they are in another collection, were given to someone, or were stolen or lost. For some odd reason, few scores written by Gene Roland are in the Stan Kenton collection at the University of North Texas. Sometimes, individual parts as well as the score are missing, but enough can be found to allow reconstruction. Sometimes, the parts are filled with so many markings that they are difficult to read.

Very few of us do this sort of work, and when we discuss our experiences, we are sad about the libraries that are missing or nearly extinct. Still, I always celebrate what does exist. It includes Kenton (extensively catalogued by composer Terry Vosbein (pictured), who has also created excellent editions of this music for his own study). Other collections include Duke Ellington, Billy May, Mary Lou Williams, Artie Shaw, Axel Stordahl and the Capitol Records Collection, to name a few.

Going through an arrangement that has been recorded and played a lot doesn’t mean that it doesn’t have mistakes that need correction, and the editor must be on the lookout for them. The more you look at an arranger’s work, the more you discover patterns that he or she uses. As an example, many arrangers will voice the brass first and then write the sax parts, since the brass have to be strong as a unit. Saxophone parts often double the brass exactly; the 1st alto plays the same pitches as the 1st Trumpet; 2nd Alto plays the same pitches as the 2nd trumpet; and so on with various adjustments for instrumental range. Evans did it, Riddle did it, May did it, Hefti did it, not all the time, but this methodology works and when one is pressed for time, it is a simple procedure.

Let’s say that Alto 2 and Trumpet 2 don’t match in a few places on the score. As an obvious start, one can look at the trombone parts to see if they were written with the same pitches, but that’s not a hard-and-fast rule. Not everything may be straightforward; most times the answer is there or can be deduced. But when one looks at a Thad Jones (pictured) or Gil Evans score, one has to use the clues supplied because answers may not be so obvious. So often in my classes, I tell my students, “Use your clues,” and they find their way. For instance, in many cases when Evans wrote for Claude Thornhill he would write an orchestral sketch in the piano part,  so notes can be checked easily, and obvious errors fixed that way.

Often, checking the individual part can help, but just as often the parts may have other mistakes. Some of the errors may have been caught at the recording sessions and are marked; some not. You’d be surprised how some people tell me that I should not be changing notes that are blatantly wrong, because what was played was “historic” and I have nerve to presume what is a mistake. To those people, I’ve told of instances when I worked with Gerry Mulligan, Neal Hefti, Allyn Ferguson and other of my heroes, pointed these things out to them, and they were beyond grateful to know that someone cared enough to get their music right. One arranger wondered why a certain piece he wrote always had a mistake that was obscured when first recorded, but could be heard clearly when it was re-recorded later with more modern equipment.

Robert Farnon (pictured) told me that he knew his music wasn’t prepared carefully when it was published for sale back in the fifties, but he appreciated that it was being looked at and finally fixed. As one arranger told me, “Back then, we were treated with either no respect or just plain ignored until we were desperately needed; sometimes we had to bug people to get paid. We did what we did and forgot about it. That was the way it was. It is so nice to know this music means something to people.” One very famous arranger was truly surprised that his music was still being listened to and written about many years after the fact. “You guys are legends to many people!” I told him. So often, the music is wonderful; sometimes it is extraordinary!

And this is the point rarely touched upon in biographies and/or articles about arranged pop music: this music was usually written very quickly!!! In many cases, arrangers had to write twelve arrangements in a couple of days; Neal Hefti eventually stopped doing those types of jobs, frustrated that he didn’t have the breathing room to do the best he thought he could do. Back in the big band era, Goodman and Miller used excellent copyists. Arrangers sometimes copied out their own parts (Billy Strayhorn wrote out parts to “Take the ‘A’ Train”), and some things were needed in such a hurry for a record date that they were scratched out on a bus. Reportedly, Billy May wrote his now-classic version of “Cherokee” on slips of paper that he handed out as he wrote them; he didn’t even use a score beforehand.

Knowing all of this, many things that the editor/researcher encounters can be puzzling, but ultimately make sense by study of the music, determining what facts you know, what you may know personally based on conversations with those who were on the scene at the time (perhaps the arrangers themselves) and then apply all of this information. Just recently, I told Vincent Pelote at the Institute of Jazz Studies that researchers spend years collecting miscellaneous pieces of seemingly useless information, but under the right circumstances, put them all together and they make sense. I came to know a man named George Vedegis, who copied for many people, from Gil Evans to the arrangers for the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra (Ernie Wilkins, Neal Hefti, Tadd Dameron). The information and impressions he shared with me often ring true as I look at his handiwork for Thornhill (his thoughts about some of the top television hosts during the live era of TV were often unprintable).

Opening one of the boxes of the Cole treasure chest, we find the beautifully written-out 1946 string score of “The Christmas Song” by Charles Randolph Grean (the music union would provide a rubber stamp for arrangers and copyists which had a date on it; this score is so marked).

We also find scores and parts for other classic arrangements written for Cole. Many of them have a large number stamped on them in red, indicating that they were written for Capitol Records and were numbered for reference (as what you would find at the Capitol Collection at Brigham Young University, but obviously Cole took some of the scores and parts). The parts have many pencil markings and cross-outs and provide a history of use. On many of the parts to “Just One of Those Things,” which Cole recorded for Capitol in 1957, there are correction or ‘goof’ tapes pasted over music in the Alto 2 and Tenor 1 parts. On the recording, these instruments change to flute, and these sections have been pasted over with new music for the Alto and Tenor, indicating that this arrangement was taken on the road, and the local reed players may not have been able to play flute; artists did not travel with their own ensembles except under special conditions. Most of the parts have a held note handwritten by unnamed musicians with “Mona Lisa” next to it.

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To come: More from Jeff Sultanof, on “Mona Lisa,” Billy May, and how showroom acts affect  singers and conductors…among other matters.

 

Chummy MacGregor And “Moon Dreams”


Chummy MacGregor was born on this day in 1903 and died on March 9, 1973. It’s the rare listener to modern jazz who doesn’t know of the MacGregor composition “Moon Dreams,” which he wrote when he was a pianist and arranger with his longtime boss Glenn Miller. “Moon Dreams” is one of the most familiar pieces from Miles Davis’s Birth Of The Cool sessions of 1957. Gil Evans’ arrangement of MacGregor’s song had much to do with Evans’ early recognition as a central figure in the music. In case you can’t bring the performance to mind, here it is:

During World War Two, Major Glenn Miller recorded “Moon Dreams” with his Army Air Force Orchestra. The vocal was by Johnny Desmond And The Crew Chiefs.

In the early 1940s Martha Tilton’s version of ”Moon Dreams” was one of the first releases from Capitol Records, a company founded by Johnny Mercer, who wrote the song with MacGregor. These days, few listeners—indeed, few muscians—are aware that “Moon Dreams” began not with Miles Davis and Gil Evans, but with a 1940s pop hit.

Catching Up (Well…Giving It A Good Try)

The John Coltrane project described in this post is completed and awaiting release by Concord Jazz. However—I am happy to report—other free lance assignments have developed. Rifftides progress slows a bit while I work on them, but in the next few posts we’ll call your attention to recent listening that may interest you. Some of the albums have been out a while. Others are quite new. First, an invaluable Larry Young discovery made in Paris:

Larry Young In Paris: The ORTF Recordings (Resonance)

Resonance Records specializes in jazz archeology, releasing music by figures who might otherwise fade in the memories of jazz listeners. One not likely to disappear is the organist Larry Young (1940-1978), who made several successful Blue Note and Prestige albums. His presence in one of the more adventurous bands of Miles Davis’s semi-rock period gave him additional exposure, as did his role in drummer Tony Williams’ Lifetime, a trio that also included guitarist John McLaughlin. Resonance acquired recordings that Young made in live broadcasts in Paris in the mid 1960s. They remained in the archive unheard until now. The Paris recordings recall Young’s relatively restrained approach to the organ during an era dominated by players like Jimmy Smith and Jimmy McGriff who were capable of using the instrument as a sonic battering ram. Six tracks of the ten in the Resonance set find Young with the trumpeter Woody Shaw, who was amazingly advanced at the age of 18. The set also gives us the opportunity to hear two superb tenor saxophonists, the American Nathan Davis and the Frenchman Jean-Claude Fohrenbach, who combined aspects of Stan Getz and John Coltrane. The two CDs thrive on blues and blues-tinged pieces and, in the case of Young’s “Luny Tune,” the harmonies of “I Got Rhythm,” that perennial source of jazz originals. Not from the Resonance album but from that period of Young’s life, here is “Tyrone.” It’s on his Into Something! Blue Note CD, with Sam Rivers, tenor saxophone; Elvin Jones, drums; and Grant Green, guitar.

The 66-page booklet for the Resonance set, is filled with stories previously untold and photographs of Young and others never before made public. Resonance’s Zev Feldman and George Klabin put the package together with the help of Woody Shaw III, Nathan Davis, Michael Cuscuna and ORTF’s Paris archivists. The collection is a major addition to Young’s discography.

 

Akira Tana JAZZaNOVA (Vega)

Akira Tana’s career began in his native San Francisco and blossomed as he developed into one of the most sensitive and adaptable masters of the art of jazz drumming. Along the way, he fell in love with the Brazilian music that went worldwide with the bossa nova explosion ignited by João Gilberto, Antonio Carlos Jobim, Elis Regina, Baden Powell and others. JAZZaNOVA expresses Tana’s feeling for that music and his appreciation for superior singing. The voclalists are Brazlians Claudio Amaral, Maria Volonté and Claudia Villela, and three American steeped in Brazilian music, Carla Helmbrecht, Sandy Cressman and Jackie Ryan.

Amaral and Villela begin the festival with Jobim’s “Aguas de Marco,” following the routine of the famous recording and video by Jobim and Elis Regina but investing the lyric with their own manipulation of time and Jobim’s piquant words. Arturo Sandoval is part of the ensemble and has a muted trumpet solo so hip that he can be forgiven a quote from “Jumpin’ With Symphony Sid.” Sandoval sings and plays with her in Ms. Volonté’s composition “La Gloria Ere Tú.”  Ms. Cressman seems moved, and is moving, in her interpretation of Ivan Lins’ and Vitor Martins’ “Bilhete.” Sandoval contributes gorgeous flugelhorn solos to “Corcovado”—sung in Portuguese and English by Ms. Hembrecht—and  Ms. Cressman’s caressing of Jobim’s “Caminhos Cruzados.” Ms. Ryan pours emotion into Jobim’s “Por Causa de Vocé.” Branford Marsalis is the guest tenor saxophonist on Lins’ “Love Dance,” sung by Ms. Helmbrecht. On Caetano Veloso’s “Aquele Frevo Axé,” he shares the final chorus in a gentle obbligato behind Mr. Amaral’s vocal.

I don’t know if there is a definition of perfection in bossa nova, or JAZZaNOVA, drumming, but Tana may have established one with his work here. His finely attuned rhythm section mates are pianist Richard Horvath, bassist Gary Brown and percussionist Michael Spiro.

 

To come, there will be more of Rifftides catching up. Please come back soon.

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Doug Ramsey

Doug is a recipient of the lifetime achievement award of the Jazz Journalists Association. He lives in the Pacific Northwest, where he settled following a career in print and broadcast journalism in cities including New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland, San Antonio, … [MORE]

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