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Doug Ramsey on Jazz and other matters...

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Argue-able

Although there is a link to his website in our blogroll (at the extreme south end of the right column), it has been too long since we’ve caught up with Darcy James Argue and his Secret Society. That big band of brash young New Yorkers is less of a secret these days than when we first encountered it a couple of years ago. Now, they win polls and sell records. They also occasionally travel out of town.

If you’re interested in knowing something of the thinking of one element of the young artists who are helping to shape the future of music, this video from January at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, makes a few disclosures. The band’s roster follows the clip. The piece is Argue’s “Phobos.” He is the conductor. Jon Wikan gets things underway and ends them with his cajon, the box-like Peruvian percussion instrument of which he has become a master.

Winds:
David DeJesus,
Rob Wilkerson,
Sam Sadigursky,
Mark Small,
Josh Sinton.


Trumpets:
Seneca Black,
Tom Goehring,
Matt Holman,
Nadje Noordhuis,
David Smith.


Trombones:
Noah Bless,
Tim Sessions,
Kevin Moehringer,
Jennifer Wharton.


Guitar:
Sebastian Noelle.


Piano & Keyboards:
Red Wierenga.


Bass:
Matt Clohesy.


Drums & Percussion:
Jon Wikan.

Mulligan’s Birthday

Today is the 84th anniversary of Gerry Mulligan’s birth. He died in 1996 at the age of 68. There are many contexts in which to remember Mulligan—as a precocious teenaged arranger for Tommy Tucker, Elliott Lawrence and Gene Krupa; one of the key figures in the Birth of the Cool recordings; the leader of groups from quartets to big bands; a writer who made the Stan Kenton band swing; and, of course, a splendid baritone saxophonist. Here he is in Rome in 1956 with his sextet: Bob Brookmeyer, Zoot Sims, Jon Eardley, Bill Crow and Dave Bailey, playing to a backdrop of appreciative orchestra members.


If that merely whetted your appetite for Mulligan’s music, Lester Perkins of Jazz On The Tube has assembled 13 Mulligan videos. You may view them here.

Jazz Relief For Japan—On Two Coasts

The Vanguard Jazz Orchestra played to a packed Village Vanguard in New York in its Japan earthquake and tsunami benefit performance on Monday Night. The event streamed live on the internet and had hundreds of viewers, many of them in Japan. Guest artists included Barry Harris, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Lew Tabackin, Lou Soloff and, in a memorable flugelhorn solo on Slide Hampton’s Frame for the Blues, Tom Harrell. The evening’s three sets may be viewed again on this page of the VJO’s website.

The VJO organization is continuing to encourage donations for earthquake/tsunami relief and has set up a special page on its website for making them. Please go to this web address for instructions.

On Saturday, April 9, in Los Angeles, Vitello’s Jazz Club and the Los Angeles Jazz Society are teaming in a 12-hour performance to raise funds to benefit victims of the triple disaster. Peter Erskine, Joe LaBarbera, Terry Trotter, Larry Koonse, Bob Sheppard, the Wayne Bergeron big band, Chuck Berghofer, Tamir Hendelman and the Yellowjackets will be among the musicians donating their talents. The L.A. Jazz Society will transmit all the money collected to the Japanese Red Cross. Dick McGarvin, a favorite radio host of southern California jazz listeners, will be the MC. For time, location and further details, see Vitello’s website.

The Vanguard’s Japan Relief Plan

In the wake of the earthquake and tsunami that devastated northern Japan, artists and arts organizations around the world are helping with relief for the Japanese jazz community. One of the biggest efforts is taking place in New York City. If you live in or near Manhattan or will find yourself there this Monday evening, April 4, please consider joining the Vanguard Jazz Orchestra at the Village Vanguard. The band and the venerable club are joining forces in the fund-raising and inviting prominent guests, including Tom Harrell, Barry Harris, Toshiko Akiyoshi, Roy Hargrove, Marvin Stamm, Rufus Reid and Jerry Dodgion. Others will be added. For details and a list of guest artists, see the VJO’s website.

The three sets of the benefit will be streamed live at this web address.

In the meantime, here is the orchestra at the North Sea Festival in Holland in 2008 with “Mean What You Say,” a staple of the band’s repertoire by one of its founders, Thad Jones. Solos are by Terell Stafford, flugelhorn, and Gary Smulyan, baritone saxophone. The music justifies the effort of adjusting your eyes and ears to the catch-as-catch-can quality of the location video and audio.

Recent Listening: Smith, Vu, Lynch, Akinmusire

Hundreds of CDs have piled up around Rifftides world headquarters. At a meeting, the staff voted whether to write, long, exhaustive analytical reviews of three of them or highlight many more in an effort to keep up with a jazz scene that—take our word for it—is not dying, at least not in terms of sheer recording output. Short and pithy won the vote over learned, diagnostic and likely to put you to sleep. This survey will go on intermittently, with other matters popping up, as usual.

Sean Smith, Trust (Smithereen).
In Smith’s career of more than 20 years as a bassist, he has been so busy with Bill Charlap, Gerry Mulligan, Clark Terry, Tom Harrell, Art Farmer, Peggy Lee, Jacky Terrasson and others that he has taken time to be the leader on only two previous albums. His first CD in ten years features his new quartet with saxophonist John Ellis, guitarist John Hart and Smith’s longtime colleague Russell Meissner on drums. The group stirred anticipation with web videos that popped up a few months ago. Their album more than meets expectations raised.

Admired as a composer by Charlap, Phil Woods, Bill Mays and others who have recorded his music, Smith wrote all 12 of the tunes. Unlike many albums laden with originals, Trust has variety, from the harmonically demanding Wayne Shorter tribute called “Wayne’s World” to the sunny waltz “Bush League,” to “Voices,” an affecting ballad. On “Voices,” Smith’s solo highlights the darkness and heft of his tone and his ability to play successions of high notes as music, not the strain of acrobatic exercise. Ellis’s tenor sax tone and his phrasing are key to the success of the piece.

“Graham Ewan,” a duet with Hart, is a brief demonstration of Smith’s skill with the bow, a lull in the proceedings. If Catherine of the Italian Renaissance Medicis inspired “Ditty for Ms. de’ Medici”, she must have danced a mean soft shoe between intrigues and poisonings. It’s a happy piece. Ellis’s tenor playing on “’de Medici,” “What’d You Say?” and a few other tunes is so distinctive that it leads one to wonder why he didn’t leave the soprano in its case. There is no law that, in the wake of Coltrane, every saxophonist must double on soprano. In Ellis’s case, he’s eroding his comparative advantage.

Often in albums led and produced by bassists, the sound designs make it clear who’s in charge, sometimes to the point of ear pain. This one will not have you lunging for your tone controls. Sound reproduction and balance match the quality of the music.

Briefly

Cuong Vu, Leaps Of Faith (Origin).
Like Smith’s, Vu’s is a pianoless quartet, but the instrumentation is rather different: his trumpet, two electric basses and drums. He begins with three standards, “Body and Soul,” “All The Things You Are” and “My Funny Valentine,” assuring listeners that he is about more than 21st century space music. It’s a clever strategy. Vu, bassists Stomu Takeishi and Luke Bergman and drummer Ted Poor bring plenty of adventurism to the classic ballads, but Vu’s long lines and lyricism carry over into the collective improvisation of his title tune. Then he edges “Leap of Faith” further and further out until it vaporizes in the exosphere of electronic distortions. Vu’s musicianship is so solid that when he mixes jazz, pop, street grunge and amplified random noise, it somehow works, is even reassuring. That is as true of his calming treatments of the Beatles’ “Something” and Jackson Browne’s “My Opening Farewell” as it is of his kaleidoscopic “I Shall Never Come Back.”

Brian Lynch, Unsung Heroes (Hollistic MusicWorks).
“Unsung” is right. Lynch pays tribute to his trumpet predecessors or contemporaries Tommy Turrentine, Joe Gordon, Charles Sullivan, Idrees Sulieman, Charles Tolliver, Claudio Roditi and Louis Smith. Known to few but the most committed and attentive listeners, all have earned respect of their peers and critics. In some cases, Lynch plays compositions by his heroes. In others he composes pieces in their honor. In all, his arrangements are as impressive as is his playing in a tight sextet that includes alto saxophonist Vincent Herring, tenor saxophonist Alex Hoffman, pianist Rob Schneiderman, bassist David Wong and drummer Pete Van Nostrand. Among highlights of the album, which is itself a highlight, are Lynch’s treatment of Sulieman’s “Saturday Afternoon at Four” and his own “RoditiSamba.”with memorable solos by him and Herring. Hoffman’s gliding, muscular work comes as a pleasant revelation. The CD is a followup and companion to Lynch’s 2000 album Tribute to the Trumpet Masters.

Ambrose Akinmusire, When the Heart Emerges Glistening (Blue Note).
Always approach the latest universally heralded trumpet prodigy with caution; that’s my motto. Caution, however, dissipates rapidly in the face of Akinmusire’s musicianship, the evenness and warmth of his sound, his passion and the unity of his quintet. Though his mastery of the horn is stunningly complete, music comes before virtuosity. Displays of trumpet fireworks are incidental, as in “The Walls of Lechuguilla.” “Regret,” as affecting slow playing as I’ve heard recently, has little to do with virtuosity, nearly everything to do with expressiveness. Akinmusire’s duet on “What’s New” with pianist Jason Moran, who produced the album, is pure invention, a la Tony Fruscella, until near the end when he lands on the last few bars of the melody. Tenor saxophonist Walter Smith III; pianist Gerald Clayton; bassist Harish Raghavan; and drummer Justin Brown are finely in tune with Akinmusire and one another. His band of young men are significantly beyond hard bop or post bop emulation. This is——to reach back for a phrase used by swing era musicians who wished to bestow high praise——original stuff.

More to come.

A Striking “Golden Striker”

Rifftides readers who responded enthusiastically to the video we posted on February 22 in connection with a piece about the Modern Jazz Quartet may be absolutely delirious when they see—and hear—this one. Again, the music is John Lewis’s “The Golden Striker.” The video is from the same 1982 MJQ tour that produced the version recorded in Holland. This time, they were at the Alexandra Palace in London. Now, there is more than the mere suggestion of a smile from Milt Jackson. Everybody is smiling. This is a remarkable performance by all hands, but Percy Health’s solo won the audience.


“The Golden Striker” is from John Lewis’s score for the film No Sun in Venice. His inspiration was these figures on the clock tower In the Piazza San Marco.

Recent Listening: A Bill Dixon Rarity

Bill Dixon, Intents and Purposes (International Phonograph). Dixon, who died last year at 84, is typically described as a force in the free jazz that emerged in the1960s. He was that, but Intents and Purposes defied labeling when Dixon recorded it more than four decades ago. This long overdue reissue confirms that the album withstands categorization. Its daring and forthright iconoclasm has substance that outlives much music that was conceived in protest or defiance in the roiling atmosphere of that era.

Dixon’s trumpet and flugelhorn improvisations flow, jab, dance, flutter, growl and brood through, around and over the other musicians. In some cases, the other musicians are Dixon himself, overdubbed. The first of the two brief “Nightfall Pieces” has multiples of Dixon and flutist George Marge creating a mesmerizing soundscape. In the second, Dixon ruminates in call-and-response with himself across the stereo channels. Favoring low notes on his own instruments and those of others, he employs the ten-piece group in “Metamorphosis” to create rich substrata voicings. Bass trombone, bass clarinet, cello and two double basses are among the instruments that provide oddly reassuring contrast with Dixon, alto saxophonist Robin Kenyatta and bass clarinetist Bayard Lancaster, whose solos search almost to the edge of desperation. “Metamorphosis” includes written passages of subtle complexity that it would be easy to overlook in the passion of the performance.

In “Voices,” whether he achieves it on paper or by contrivance in the studio, Dixon manages to give his trumpet, Lancaster’s bass clarinet, Jimmy Garrison’s bass, Catherine Norris’s cello and Robert Frank Pozar’s drums fullness of sound one might expect from an ensemble half again bigger. Dixon’s choice of musicians was eclectic; avant gardists like Kenyatta, Lancaster and Garrison alongside the mainstream trombonist Jimmy Cheatham and Marge, a reliable reed specialist of the New York studio scene.

To his credit, reissue producer Jonathan Horwich saw to it that the Dixon album looks like the original RCA Victor LP, down to the striking cover shot. It is a reminder that record packages were once a pleasure to handle and the notes easy to read. The liner notes are included as an insert that unfolds to nearly the size of an LP sleeve. More important, the quality of the sound recorded in RCA’s storied studio B is flawlessly remastered. In a brief addendum to the notes, Horwich writes of Intents and Purposes,

It stands as one of the most important and revolutionary musical expressions of the 20th century.

That may be true.

There was nothing like it before 1966/67 and there has been nothing like it since.

That is true.

Other Places: Frank Foster

Frank Foster wrote “Shiny Stockings” when he was in Count Basie’s “New Testament” band of the mid-1950s. He gained fame as half of Basie’s “Two Franks” tenor saxophone tandem with Frank Wess. The piece became a staple of not only the Basie band but of big jazz bands around the world. There is hardly a high school or college stage band that doesn’t have “Shiny Stockings” in its book. An experienced musician before he joined Basie, Foster went on to earn widespread admiration as a player, composer, arranger, educator and—for a time—leader of the Basie band following Basie’s death in 1984. He also led his own big bands, the Loud Minority and the Living Color Band.

At 82, Foster is recovering from a stroke and fighting diabetes. To help with medical expenses, there will be a benefit for him this weekend not far from his home in Chesapeake, Virginia. Bill Lohman writes about it in the Richmond Times-Dispatch.

One would think Foster would be a rich man, based on just that one song, but that is not the case. Foster had never received his full due for “Shiny Stockings,” which he wrote in 1955, or other songs he had written or arranged because of contracts that took advantage of his primary interest being in music, not business.

To read all of Lohman’s column, go here.

It is unlikely that anyone who ever heard the Basie recording of “Shiny Stockings” has forgotten how it goes, but just in case, here it is with Foster soloing on tenor and a picture of Basie.

Among dozens of videos featuring “Shiny Stockings,” the Rifftides staff could find no trace of film or tape of the piece when Foster was on the Basie Band. If you know of one, let us know.

Spring, Part 1: The Bad Plus & Stravinsky

It is the first day of spring and, naturally, Igor Stravinsky is on everyone’s mind. Well, perhaps not everyone’s, but he is powerfully on the minds of The Bad Plus. That trio of restless and sometimes disturbing seekers are adapting Stravinsky’s The Rite of Spring, a piece that nearly a century ago sent even more shock waves through the music world than The Bad Plus sends today. National Public Radio’s Weekend Edition Sunday launched into spring with a feature on a marriage that seems less unlikely the more you hear about it. To listen to Liane Hansen’s discussion with Ethan Iverson, Reid Anderson and David King, and samples of their work-in-progress, go here.

It wasn’t only Stravinsky’s music caused the chaotic stir at the 1913 premier of The Rite of Spring. It was ballet music, and no one in the scandalized Paris audience had seen anything like this ballet. Here is some of the Joffrey Ballet’s 1987 recreation of Nijinksy’s choreography. The video cuts off prematurely, but there’s enough to give you a vivid idea of what the shouting was about.

Recent Listening: Jeffrey Snedeker’s French Horn

Jeffrey Snedeker, Minor Returns (JS). Snedeker is a rarity, a first-chair symphony French horn artist who understands jazz time, phrasing and feeling. In settings from quartet through big band to 41-piece string orchestra, he pays homage to the horn’s role in jazz. Snedeker solos on pieces associated with the music’s handful of French horn heroes, including Julius Watkins, David Amram, Willie Ruff and John Graas. Among his colleagues is the perennial French horn poll winner Tom Varner, one of the few players of the instrument to make a substantial impact in jazz over the past two decades.

Snedeker and Varner revisit “Two French Fries,” the Gigi Gryce piece that featured Watkins and Amram in a 1956 Oscar Pettiford big band album. Doubling the duration of the Pettiford performance, they solo at length, exchange fours with drummer Tom Noble, do simultaneous improvisation and—stunningly—play in unison, harmonized with two saxophones, a transcription of Watkins’ virtuoso solo from the Pettiford record. Their backing on “Two French Fries” is by the Central Washington University Jazz Band 1, which nails the demanding arrangement. Varner is also a guest on “Linda Delia,” a Latin number Watkins recorded with Les Jazz Modes, the group he led in the 1950s with tenor saxophonist Charlie Rouse. Watkins might grin knowingly at Varner’s note-bending solo.

John Graas’ “Allegretto, from Jazz Symphony No. 1” is an octet arrangement reminiscent of Graas’ 1950s west coast milieu. The blowing choruses are built on the changes of “All The Things You Are” and have fine solos from Snedeker, alto saxophonist Lenny Price, trombonist Phil Dean, and tenor saxophonist Saul Cline—indications of the often-overlooked quality of jazz talent in the Pacific Northwest. “Godchild” has the same Gerry Mulligan arrangement and instrumentation as the 1949 Miles Davis Birth Of The Cool recording. Snedeker pays tribute by quoting the first notes of Davis’ solo before he constructs his own. Price, on alto, and tubaist Curtis Peacock also solo to good effect.

Snedeker was inspired by the example of Willie Ruff to include “Summertime,” “Oleo,” “Chelsea Bridge” and “Autumn Leaves,” all recorded by the Mitchell/Ruff Duo. His inspiration for the amusing version of “Straight No Chaser” is the similarity of its melody line to the famous horn passage in Richard Strauss’ Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks, dramatically intoned by Snedeker before he counts off a brisk pace for Monk’s famous blues in F. It has effective solos by pianist John Sanders, drummer Garey Williams and Snedeker. The other direct classical association is “Moonlove,” Andre Kostelanetz’s appropriation of the horn theme from the andante cantabile movement of Tchaikovsky’s Fifth Symphony. Sanders introduces it with a succession of Tchaikovskian chords, then Snedeker plays the famous melody before he and the rhythm section make their lilting way through a chorus of ¾ swing.

Snedeker plays “Take Five” unaccompanied, incorporating split tones and startling interval drops to the nether region of the horn. “In a Sentimental Mood,” the sole track with strings, is rich with horn melody and variations over an ingenious arrangement by the late Tom Gause. The title piece and “Home Away From Home” are originals by Snedeker’s composer brother Gregory, both with challenging harmonies and time changes, and with powerful bass work by Isaac Castillo, another Northwesterner worth keeping an ear on.

Correspondence Illustrated: Ellington Transcendent

Bruno Leicht writes from Germany:

Here’s one of my favorite tunes. It’s a forgotten one. I know it since I was 17, and I still love it. What tricky writing for the clarinets, huh?

Yes, and what singing by Herb Jeffries. The other soloist is Harry Carney, baritone saxophone. This was July 9, 1941.

Duke Ellington And His Famous Orchestra at their peak. “Brown Skin Gal” is from this collection. Thanks for the reminder, Bruno.

Why Kenny Dorham?

Because it has been too long since you’ve heard him, and because these two videos are—by all accounts—the only ones in existence that show him playing. His rhythm section at the Golden Circle in Stockholm in 1963 was Goran Lindberg, piano; Goran Peterson, bass; and Leif Wennerstron, drums. Please disregard the lead-in advertisement and the dreadful picture quality. Let us simply be grateful that these films exist.

Dorham’s solo in this brief second clip is some of his most astonishingly beautiful playing.

Kenny Dorham died in 1972 at the age of 48. The album Blues In Bebop has his early work with Billy Eckstine, Bud Powell, Milt Jackson, Charlie Parker and Bud Powell, in that order. Our Thing, a basic repertoire item, documents his 1963 partnership with tenor saxophonist Joe Henderson.

Joe Morello, 1928-2011

Joe Morello, the drummer best known for his long tenure with the Dave Brubeck Quartet, died this morning at his home in New Jersey. Morello joined Brubeck in 1956, remained with the group until it disbanded in 1967 and later played with it in reunions. He joined Brubeck after three years in Marian McPartland’s trio.  Earlier in the 1950s he worked with Gil Melle, Johnny Smith and, briefly, with Stan Kenton. His eyesight, always troublesome, began to fail in the later Brubeck years and by 1976 was gone. He continued to teach. It was not unusual for students from far-flung parts of the world to come to him for lessons.

When Brubeck offered him the drum chair after Joe Dodge left the quartet, Morello accepted on the condition that he be featured as a soloist. His solos became an attraction that, combined with Brubeck’s and alto saxophonist Paul Desmond’s established fame, helped make the quartet one of the best-known groups in jazz. That came about despite strong objection from Desmond, who had recommended Morello for the job. Desmond’s preference in drum accompaniment was for discreet time-keeping. At first, that is what Morello provided in rhythm partnership with bassist Norman Bates. “So, it went fine,” Morello told me in 2003,” then we went into the Blue Note for a week.”

From Take Five: The Public and Private Lives of Paul Desmond, here are excerpts from the longer account of what happened.

That night at the club, Brubeck urged Morello to use sticks and assigned him a solo. Morello said that the solo got “a little standing ovation.” Desmond left the stand for the dressing room. “At the end of the drum solo, he just took off,” Morello said. When Brubeck got there at the end of the set, Desmond wheeled on him and presented an ultimatum: “Morello goes or I go.” Brubeck said, “Well, he’s not going.”

“Joe could do things I’d never heard anybody else do,” Brubeck said. “I wanted to feature him. Paul objected. He wanted a guy who played time and was unobtrusive. I discovered that Joe’s time concept was like mine, and I wanted to move in that direction. Paul said I had to get another drummer, I told him I wouldn’t. I didn’t know whether Paul and Norman would show up the next night. They came to a record session at Columbia in Chicago during the day, but they wouldn’t play. So Joe and I played for three hours. And they told me they were going to leave the group. And I said, ‘well, there’ll be a void on the stand tonight because Joe’s not leaving.’

“So, I went to the job and, boy, was I relieved to see Paul and Norman. But I wasn’t going to be bluffed out of Joe. It was not discussed again. That was the end of it.

What Brubeck described as an “armistice” went into effect, holding Desmond and Morello at arm’s length and continuing after Eugene Wright replaced Bates.

Brubeck was able to make the center hold through all the internecine battles over tempos, volume, and drum fills during Desmond’s solos. Despite their powerful disagreements about how Morello’s skills should be deployed, Brubeck was able to take advantage of the respect Morello and Desmond had for one another’s abilities. The respect was ultimately to grow into genuine affection, but that was at the end of a rough road.

“For a while it was uncomfortable with Paul,” Morello told me. “But as time went on, it worked out. We became very close and used to hang out together. The last four or five years we hung out quite a lot, actually.”

Morello’s skill with unorthodox time signatures allowed Brubeck to undertake the explorations in rhythm that he had long wanted to initiate. They led to the 1959 Time Out album and the group’s enduring hit “Take Five,” written by Desmond, which featured a Morello solo in 5/4 time. The piece became a concert feature for Morello, one that audiences demanded for the rest of the life of the quartet.

Joe Morello would have been 83 in July.

(Added on 3/14): On his JazzWax blog, Marc Myers includes another excerpt from the Desmond biography and a video of Joe demonstrating and explaining his basic brush technique.

(Added on 3/16): On the Brubeck Brothers website, Danny Brubeck writes:

Through a stroke of pure luck, the first drumming I consciously witnessed was Joe Morello’s. He started playing in the Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1956 (when I was only one year old) and played in my dad’s group until 1967. By that time, I was all of 12 and a drummer recording and performing in my own right, thanks to his influence.

To read all of Dan Brubeck’s tribute, go here.

Other Places: Hentoff On Ellington

In The Wall Street Journal, Nat Hentoff reminisces about his relationship with Duke Ellington. The occasion is the release of a massive Mosaic CD box set of early Ellington recordings remastered by Steven Lasker. The column is packed with anecdotes, including this one from the early 1940s, when Hentoff was a young broadcaster in Boston:

Off the air, he once told me: “I don’t want listeners to analyze my music. I want them open to it as a whole.”

And I was there when he played dances, just to get as close to the bandstand as I could. One night, the band played a number entirely new to me. During one of their quick breaks I whispered to a sideman, baritone saxophonist Harry Carney, “What’s the name of that?”

“I don’t know,” he said. “He just wrote it.”

Hentoff gives historical context to his enthusiasm for the Mosaic collection:

During the summer of 1929, the orchestra appeared in Florenz Ziegfeld’s revue “Showgirl.” Its performance roused that legendary producer to call the orchestra “the finest exponent of syncopated music in existence. . . . Some of the best exponents of modern music who have heard them during rehearsal almost jumped out of their seats over their extraordinary harmonies and exciting rhythms.”

Now, thanks to Mosaic, I have almost jumped out of my seat because the sound engineering by Mr. Lasker and Andreas Meyer brings these Ellington orchestras swinging right into the room. As Billy Strayhorn (eventually Ellington’s associate arranger) put it in Down Beat in 1952: “Ellington plays the piano, but his real instrument is the band. Each member of the band is to him a distinctive tone color and set of emotions, which he mixes with others equally distinctive to produce a third thing, which I call the Ellington Effect.” That characteristic sound is as present in these recordings as it would later be in the 1940s and beyond.

To read the entire article, go here.

Rib Music

Recorded music has never been as omnipresent as it is in 2011. If, heaven forbid, there should be a supermarket, gas station, dentist’s office or public street not blessed with speakers providing perpetual Muzak, that’s why Jobs made iPods. As technology moves from CDs to digital downloads to—perhaps—receptors implanted in the brain, it is instructive to look back to a time when finding music on record was less easy and much more dangerous. The time was the 1940s and ‘50s in the Soviet Union.

The subject of rib music came up in a discussion among jazz researchers about Willis Conover, whose broadcasts on the Voice of America constituted one of the United States’ most effective tools of Cold War cultural diplomacy. As Conover won friends for the US during a time of international tension so powerful that worldwide nuclear destruction was a fear on both sides of the Atlantic. Reception of his Music USA programs was banned in the USSR and its satellites, but his subversive audience there numbered in the millions. Many shortwave listeners learned English from Conover as they hid with their radios, risked arrest and absorbed music symbolizing freedom that was forbidden to them. A major reason for Conover’s popularity was the scarcity of recordings, particularly of music from the west. A few records made their way into the Soviet Union from Eastern Europe, where controls were less strict, but they were unlikely to be of jazz or rock and roll. Almost no records got in from beyond the Iron Curtain.

The ingenuity of young people with technical skills led to the discovery that prohibited records—and illegal recordings of Conover’s programs— could be duplicated by pressing copies on an unconventional material—x-ray plates that had been discarded. The plates had images of broken ribs, cracked skulls, damaged spinal cords, chest cavities. There was a large and continuous supply, they were cheap, and millions of pressing made from them reached Soviet listeners through the x-ray press or roentgenizdat, the equivalent of the samizdat that reproduced and distributed illicit literature. The sound quality was dreadful, but people were hungry for the music.

For much of this information and for access to the rare photographs of three rib music records, I am beholden to Cyril Moshkow, the editor of Jazz Ru.Magazine. Cyril provided this account of how underground manufacturers got their raw material and made the records.

One would apply (unofficially, of course) to the local state-owned clinic (there was no private clinics anyway) and ask the nun at the “Roentgen room” (X-ray laboratory) if they had old X-ray plates. They did, and, according to the state fire protection rules, were supposed to get rid of them every three months; but clinic personnel normally consisted mostly of women, and they were reluctant to move hundreds of pounds of used X-ray plates themselves, and therefore very grateful to unknown polite young men who offered to “throw away” the plates at no charge.

Then, the dusty plates were cleaned, sorted, and cut in approximately round shape, the size of a 10-inch 78 record; an industrial beam compass was used to mark first the rim, and then the center, where then a spindle hole would be punched. All this would happen, of course, not at an industrial facility (which were controlled by government), but in somebody’s apartment or, in smaller towns, in a country house.

The final stage was the recording; some underground record copy facilities had professional equipment, some would use two gramophones with the tone arm of one of them loaded with some weight, and connected with the tone arm of the playing device with a tight cord. The recording device looked roughly like a gramophone; only, the “tone arm” was thicker and heavier, as it would cut the groove, not play it. These makeshift systems would, of course, produce a much worse quality than the regular recorders, but it would sell nevertheless, as jazz or early rock records were not officially available in the Soviet Union (with rare exceptions) until the 1970s. Even then, the “bone music” or “rib music,” as people would call the unofficial X-ray plate records, would still be available in the black market. I have even seen “rib music” recorded at 33 1/3 RPM!
Those records would be called “rib music” even if the material was not X-ray plates. They were made on film used for professional maps or technical drawings, which was of a much better quality, but much more expensive and harder to obtain.


Cyril Moshkow persuaded the owner of the rib music photographs, Igor Belyi, to give Rifftides permission to use them. Mr. Belyi asked that we provide a link to his website. We are happy to do so and hope that our readers who know Russian will find his work informative.

CD: Tamir Hendelman

Tamir Hendelman, Destinations (Resonance). The pianist’s second album as a leader is a gem. With drummer Lewis Nash and the Italian-born bassist Marco Panascia, he fashions exquisite versions of a dozen pieces. He is exhilarating in his lightning exploration of Makoto Ozone’s “BQE,” tender in his own “Babushka,” full of wit in his fleet exchanges with Nash and Panascia in Charlie Parker’s and Dizzy Gillespie’s “Anthropology.” In the contrast between his intricate introduction to “Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams” and the trio’s entry into the song itself, Hendelman creates a classic feel-good moment.

A New Look

Don’t go away. You’ve come to the right place. This is Rifftides, but with a new design. The publishing platform called WordPress is a significant advance over the old Moveable Type platform. Artsjournal.com founder and editor Doug McLennan has been beta testing WordPress on his own blog. Now he’s helping us switch to the new system. It makes management of the blog easier for the Rifftides staff and—more important—makes the site more enjoyable and efficient for you to navigate. We’re still learning the ropes, but expect to build in new features as we go along.

CD: Jeremy Pelt

Jeremy Pelt, The Talented Mr. Pelt (High Note). There is more here than meets the ear accustomed to quintets that knock off Blue Note bands of the 1960s. From his record debut in 2002—and notably since he established this group in 2007—the trumpeter has manifested originality as soloist and composer. Five of the eight tunes are his, with writing as free of clichés as is his playing. Pelt’s sidemen are seasoned pros: saxophonist J.D. Allen, bassist Dwayne Burno pianist Danny Grissett and drummer Gerald Cleaver. On Cy Coleman’s rarely heard “In Love Again,” Pelt has a flugelhorn solo of heartbreaking beauty.

CD: Rick Trolsen

Neslort, Mystical Scam (Lort/Threadhead). Most reviews and articles about the leader of Neslort (spell it backward) begin, “Eccentric New Orleans trombonist Rick Trolsen…” The reasons for that are apparent in this CD. Equally evident is Trolsen’s and the sextet’s musicianship, which merges street funk, bebop, electronica, rhythm and blues, New Orleans parade pzazz and—as in all good gumbos—a mystery ingredient or two. Tim Robertson’s pliant guitar licks, Kyle Cripps’ saxophones, Matt Perrine’s bass and tuba, Larry Sieberth’s keyboards and the popping vigor of Boyanna Trayanova’s drumming complement Trolsen’s blowsy trombone and his vocals, reminiscent of David Clayton-Thomas.

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Doug Ramsey

Doug is a recipient of the lifetime achievement award of the Jazz Journalists Association. He lives in the Pacific Northwest, where he settled following a career in print and broadcast journalism in cities including New York, New Orleans, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Portland, San Antonio, … [MORE]

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