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PostClassic

Kyle Gann on music after the fact

Search Results for: november

Reports of Our Speed Are Greatly Overestimated

The world is moving so fast today, isn’t it? Now that we the have the internet, the moment something is discovered it can be flashed around the world. We’re all in a state of instant communication, and the time lag of assimilation of creative work has been reduced to less than a day.

The flat, clichèd tone of that paragraph may clue you in to its high bullshit quotient. On the contrary, we grow musically more and more behind the times. My friends and I spend lots of time trying to bring into the world music that was made 20, even 30 years ago. I’m transcribing Dennis Johnson’s November, the two-hour 1959 piano piece that was the inspiration for La Monte Young’s The Well-Tuned Piano. I’ve just transferred to CD some rare recordings of Julius Eastman’s works for multiple pianos from a 1981 concert; I’m sending them to Mary Jane Leach, who’s involved in a project trying to bring Eastman’s music back into circulation. My jazz pianist friend John Esposito is sitting on an archive of 1980s recordings of the jazz great Arthur Rhames, trying to get them released. Recordings of influential music by Rhys Chatham from the early 1980s just came out recently (on Table of the Elements, a label nobly devoted to preserving that era). Much of the most important music of the 1980s, despite a tremendous local impact at the time, remains buried, unavailable, and undigested today – and as for the 1990s, fuggidaboudit.

Luciano Berio wrote his Sinfonia in 1969, and by 1973 its Columbia recording with Bernstein had electrified the American new music world. Likewise, Steve Reich’s Drumming from 1969 hit the world the summer of 1974. I consider that period the peak of music’s speed of assimilation (unless, indeed, the peak really occurred in the 19th century, which I sometimes suspect). Since then everything has slowed to a trickle. At Oberlin in the ’70s we students were obsessed with music of the ’60s, but today’s academia hardly acknowledges any music after 1975. I matter-of-factly described Robert Ashley to a student as the greatest opera composer of the late 20th century, and our opera coach, overhearing me, was astonished: he had never heard the name. Nothing unusual about that, unfortunately.

And it’s not just that individual composers go unheralded. New conceptions of music get collectively developed (totalism’s multitempo ensemble structures, Ashley’s text-driven operas which have already given birth to offspring) without the subsequent generation ever learning that that’s already happened. One of my more inventive students created a video alter ego for himself in a music video, and was surprised to learn that someone named Laurie Anderson did the same thing over 15 years ago. Decades go by, one musical movement succeeds another – artrock, postminimalism, text opera, performance art, just intonation, spectral music, sampler collage, new complexity, free improvisation, ambient, illbient, totalism – and years after those movements have crested and begun to evolve into something else, students, faculty, and music lovers alike are still struggling with moral qualms over that scary 1960s phenomenon, minimalism. If the lag time for the acceptance and understanding of new music was 4 years in 1969, today I’d say it’s at least 25.

We seem to be settling into a corporate-dictated stasis, a world divided between a calcified classical (and even jazz) repertoire and “Golden Oldies.” Art continues to move forward, but the money collectors of the world have turned off the spigot on culture, and the amount of new work that drips through approaches zero asymptotically. I’m sitting here looking at thousands of CDs of music from the 1980s, ’90s, and early 2000s that no musical public is likely to catch up with in my lifetime. Internet, schminternet – it feels like the world is moving at a decelerating snail’s crawl.

The Postclassical Piano List

Like John Cusack’s vinyl-obsessed character in the charming little film High Fidelity, I end up making a lot of lists, and for similar reasons – though my lists tend not to be “top five,” but more like “top hundred, in no particular order.” This week, for instance, a student pianist asked for some guidance in learning about recent piano repertoire, and so naturally with my Scorpio fanaticism I started obsessively pulling together a CD library of postclassical piano music. I’ll be damned if I was going to concoct a list of the approved 20th-century usual suspects: Boulez Third Sonata, Stockhausen Klavierstucke, Carter Night Fantasies, and so on. The official stuff is so ugly. I wanted her to be, not repelled by modern piano music, but seduced into it, and so I started to compile all the attractive pieces, the ones I love listening to over and over and even enjoy playing through.

There’s a hell of a lot of it. But still, it’s an interesting problem. In general, the late 20th/early 21st centuries are not a great era for piano music. A lot of my favorite composers haven’t written any solo piano music at all, and among many who have, their piano music is not their most convincing work. It’s difficult to write for solo, unaltered piano these days, in relentless competition with Beethoven, Chopin, Liszt, Brahms, Debussy, Scriabin, et al. There are a few composers who have written for piano frequently, like Feldman, Peter Garland, William Duckworth, Walter Zimmermann, and myself, and, like Chopin, Frederic Rzewski has composed a mountain of piano music and little else. But I also found that an alarming percentage of recent piano works I’m crazy about are forbidding for pianists because of their extreme length. Larry Polansky’s Lonesome Road and Feldman’s Triadic Memories are each 90 minutes, Duckworth’s Time Curve Preludes, Rzewski’s The People United, Otte’s The Book of Sounds, and Tom Johnson’s An Hour for Piano all an hour or more, and Violette’s Seventh Sonata a massive three hours. It’s as though the form of the brief piano piece is way too difficult to do anything distinctive with today, and composers can only do something interesting through scale and form.

Nevertheless, I made a list and I’m burning CDs, and I thought I might as well share the former with you, to suggest to someone out there that a large and very attractive repertoire of postclassical piano music does exist. I included only works that I truly find beautiful, and, since this is a Postclassical list, I left out any works from the European mainstream; no 12-tone music need apply, no matter how superb. Several of the hipper Europeans are included, however. Since the purpose of the list is to offer young pianists repertoire that they could reasonably acquire and play, I omit works for piano and electronics, as well as works for piano in altered tunings (the only ones I would mention are La Monte Young’s The Well-Tuned Piano, Riley’s The Harp of New Albion, and Ben Johnston’s Suite for Microtonal Piano). I omit works for prepared piano, since the major ones are all by Cage anyway. No works for Disklavier or player piano. I include timings if I have them handy, partly to show you what a factor length has become.

In short, if I were going to curate a massive festival of Postclassical piano music, all live-performed and without special technology, this (in no particular order) is what I would start with:

The Postclassical Piano Repertoire List:

John Cage: In a Landscape

– Dream

– The Seasons

– Etudes Australes (three hours)

– One5

Morton Feldman: Piano (26′)

– Triadic Memories (80′-90′)

– Palais de Mari (30′)

– For Bunita Marcus (72′)

– loads of brief early works, of course

Frederic Rzewski: The People United Will Never Be Defeated (60′)

– De Profundis (30′)

– Four North American Ballads

– Fantasia

– Sonata

– Mayn Yingele

– Johnny Has Gone for a Soldier

– The Road (eight hours)

Terry Riley: The Heaven Ladder, Book 7

– The Walrus in Memoriam

Charlemagne Palestine: Strumming Music (hours)

– One + Two + Three Fifths in the Rhythm Three Against Two for Bösendorfer Piano (24′)

– Sliding Fifths (15′)

Giacinto Scelsi: Un Adieu (5′)

– Suite No. 8, Bot-Ba (26′)

– Suite No. 9 (18′)

– Suite No. 10 (34′)

– plus, presumably, all the other suites I don’t know yet

Christian Wolff: Preludes

– Bread and Roses (9′)

– Hay Una Mujer Desaparecida (13′)

Elodie Lauten: Variations on the Orange Cycle (24′)

– Adamantine Sonata

– Sonata Ordinaire

Peter Garland: Walk in Beauty (18′)

– Jornada del Muerto (28′)

– The Days Run Away (18′)

– Bright Angel Hermetic Bird (15′)

– A Song (22′)

– Two Persian Miniatures (4′)

– Nostalgia of the Southern Cross (4′)

John Adams: Phrygian Gates (26′)

– China Gates (5′)

William Duckworth: Time Curve Preludes (60′)

– Imaginary Dances (17′)

– Hand Dance

Giancarlo Cardini: Piano Sonata No. 1 (21′)

– Lento Trascolorare dal Verde al Rosso in un Tralco di Foglie Autunnali (10′)

– Una Notte d’Inverno (6′)

– Una Sera d’Autunno

Walter Zimmermann: Beginner’s Mind (65′)

– Wöstenwanderung (19′)

– Abgeschiedenheit (28′)

– Barn Snail Dance (2′)

– When I’m 84 (3′)

Claude Vivier: Pianoforte (9′)

– Shiraz (13′)

Bernadette Speach: When It Rains, Lleuve

– Angels in the Snow

Annea Lockwood: Red Mesa

– Ear-Walking Woman

Cornelius Cardew: Thaelmann Variations

– The Croppy Boy

– Father Murphy

– Four Principles on Ireland

Beth Anderson: Net Work (9′)

– Manos Inquietas

– Quilt Music

– Belgian Tango

– September Swale

– Rhode Island Swale

– Wallonian Waltz

Art Jarvinen: The Meaning of the Treat (9′)

– Serious Immobilities (24 hours, but a one-hour version exists)

Clarence Barlow: Cogluotobusisletmesi (30′)

– Des Nus Descendants Une Echelle

– Clair de l’Une Fois

– Pandora

– Bachanal (1′)

Tom Johnson: An Hour for Piano (60 minutes on the dot)

– (and lots of austere piano pieces based on mathematical patterns)

Michael Jon Fink: Two Pieces for Piano Solo (4′)

– Piano Solo (5′)

Dennis Johnson: November (113′)

Maria de Alvear: En amor duro (50′)

Larry Polansky: Lonesome Road: The Crawford Variations (90′)

Harold Budd: Children on the Hill (20′)

“Blue” Gene Tyranny: Nocturne with and without Memory (11′)

Judith Sainte Croix: Kachina Piano Preludes

Donald Crockett: Pilgrimage (9′)

Paul Dresher: Blue Diamonds (18′)

Peter Gena: John Henry

Frank Abbinanti: Jenin

Dennis Bathory-Kitsz: Tirkiinistra

Cornelis de Bondt: Grand Hotel (37′)

Alvin Curran: For Cornelius

Jo Kondo: Sight Rhythmics

Lois Vierk: To Stare Astonished at the Sea

Wes York: Music for Strings

Mamoru Fujieda: Patterns of Plants

Robert Ashley: Van Cao’s Meditation

Hans Otte: The Book of Sounds (72′)

Phil Winsor: Dulcimer Dream (6′)

Andrew Violette: Piano Sonata No. 7 (three hours)

Somei Satoh: A Gate into the Stars (8′)

Stefan Wolpe: Form

– Form IV: Broken Sequences

Andrew Schulze: Dreams and Lullabies (22′)

Kyle Gann: Time Does Not Exist (15′)

– Private Dances (25′)

– Desert Sonata (20′)

– The Question Answer’d (4′)

– The Mercy of the Storm (12′)

In addition, here are some pieces I’ve heard, loved, and would have included on the CDs if I had recordings of them:

Stephen Scott: Departures

John Luther Adams: Among Red Mountains

Kirk Nurock: Four Imaginings

Bunita Marcus: Julia

Ingram Marshall: Authentic Presence

Dennis Kam: The Presocratics

Sidney Corbett: The Celestial Potato Fields

That’s many dozens of hours’ worth of good, varied, challenging but entirely accessible piano music. You may nudge me if I’ve forgotten something, or let me know if there’s something great I haven’t heard – but remember, this is a postclassical list, so examples in the modernist tradition will be dismissed with a contemptuous rolling of the eyes.

A million thanks, by the way, to Sarah Cahill, Lois Svard, Gloria Cheng, Aki Takahashi, Ursula Oppens, Kathleen Supove, Vicki Ray, Hildegard Kleeb, Marianne Schroeder, Joshua Pierce, Ian Pace, Herbert Henck, and all the other pianists who champion postclassical music, and whose recordings and performances made this list possible. You’re saints.

The Turning Wheel Pauses

First the good news: Roulette as a presenting organization will live on. Now the bad: Roulette the new-music performance space at 228 West Broadway, Manhattan, has closed down. I’m sentimental about it, for during all the years I was most active at the Village Voice, Roulette was the Downtown space where I went to the most concerts, and it was, in its low-expectation new-music way, perfect. It was the right size – an audience of seven people (which I’ve seen there) wasn’t embarrassingly few, and probably 70 could squeeze in and create a feeling of collective excitement. It was sufficiently formal to encourage musical focus, but not so it felt stuffy or distant from the performer/composer. I just don’t feel comfortable in the kind of Knitting Factory/Tonic atmosphere where there are no printed programs, nobody knows where the press list is, you don’t know what’s going on or whom you’re hearing, the volume is pumped up to hell and the acoustics are terrible, where you’re squeezed in with 75 sweaty 22-year-olds who are applauding wildly because they have no prior experience and no basis for judgment. Roulette was a good step and a half up from that. Jim Staley and David Weinstein, who ran the place, were composers with a long history of presenting (back to Chicago in the 1970s), and they were selfless, and had taste. But a few years ago a bar opened downstairs and shook Roulette’s floor with its own goddamned 130-decibel Muzak, and after that Roulette – which I suppose was legally supposed to be Staley’s apartment, not a performance space – ceased to enjoy its full advantages as a venue. This changes has been a long time coming, and as Staley’s notification letter says, “we chose not to fight the legal battle that might have earned us more years in the space. It would have been expensive, ugly and perhaps endless. Instead we see this as an opportunity to develop the organization and take the view that we have finally outgrown the space.”

So it’s not an occasion to mourn. Roulette has a series on electronic arts at Location One in Soho, October 9 – 19 and November 12th – 23. Plus, later they’ll be giving concert series’ uptown at the Leonard Nimoy Thalia at Symphony Space, doing work at the Flea, and giving their usual Festival of Mixology at the Performing Garage next June. You can read all about it at their web site, www.roulette.org. They’re presenting it as the beginning of a new incarnation, and have plans for a possible more permanent space in Brooklyn, with 260 seats and superb acoustics. Meanwhile, the old space will remain their recording studio and business headquarters. All the best to them in their transition, and may their audience increase.

Just a coincidental historical note: When Staley and Weinstein moved to Chicago from Champaign-Urbana to bring Roulette to Chicago in the late 1970s, they brought it to N.A.M.E. Gallery. Then they went on to New York. A few years later, in 1984, I became director of N.A.M.E., and resuscitated the new music series there that had died when Roulette left. I used to go through all the old N.A.M.E. files and read all the Roulette literature. Then, in 1986 I followed them to New York, and always felt a connection to them as a fellow Midwestern transplant.

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Sites to See

American Mavericks - the Minnesota Public radio program about American music (scripted by Kyle Gann with Tom Voegeli)

Kalvos & Damian's New Music Bazaar - a cornucopia of music, interviews, information by, with, and on hundreds of intriguing composers who are not the Usual Suspects

Iridian Radio - an intelligently mellow new-music station

New Music Box - the premiere site for keeping up with what American composers are doing and thinking

The Rest Is Noise - The fine blog of critic Alex Ross

William Duckworth's Cathedral - the first interactive web composition and home page of a great postminimalist composer

Mikel Rouse's Home Page - the greatest opera composer of my generation

Eve Beglarian's Home Page- great Downtown composer

David Doty's Just Intonation site

Erling Wold's Web Site - a fine San Francisco composer of deceptively simple-seeming music, and a model web site

The Dane Rudhyar Archive - the complete site for the music, poetry, painting, and ideas of a greatly underrated composer who became America's greatest astrologer

Utopian Turtletop, John Shaw's thoughtful blog about new music and other issues

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