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Civil Rights-Jazz document, 1963

January 17, 2009 By

Prior to tomorrow’s inauguration, the New York Times (and I suspect many other publications) has focused in many columns, book reviews and reports on Barack Obama’s election as a turning point in the U.S.’s movement towards full civil rights for all people. The entertainment section makes the case for movies having led the way to our first not-completely- “white”-identified President. 

I maintain that the jazz community was in the forefront of the civil rights movement, and remains in the lead for demonstrating how all-inclusive meritocracies look, sound and work. A historical document highlighting the conjunction of jazz and the Civil Rights movement has come to hand — programs from two nights in 1963 when major players performed and major jazz journalists emceed in benefit for CORE (the Congress of Racial Equality) at New York City’s Five Spot Cafe, plus a letter of thanks to bassist Henry Grimes for his participation.

CORE has been one of the most powerful organizations driving the Civil Rights movement from the late 1940s to this day, employing Gandhi’s principles of nonviolent civil disobedience with 1950′s sit-ins and 1960s’ Freedom Rides to combat segregationist policies in the United States. James Farmer was a co-founder of CORE and its first national director. Click here for the program of the benefits CORE held October 20 and October 27.
The extraordinary gatherings on October 20 and October 27 of musicians now regarded as jazz giants — among the most recognizable saxophonists Ben Webster (playing tuba? or not the tenor saxophonist Ben Webster?), Al Cohn, Zoot Sims, Booker Ervin, Eric Dolphy, guitarist Kenny Burrell, brassman and composer-arranger Thad Jones, pianists Bill Evans, Paul Bley, Sal Mosca, Horace Parlan, Billy Taylor (now Dr. Billy . .. ), Don Friedman, Dick Katz, drummers Roy Haynes, Ben Riley (mispelled “Reilly” — and other misspellings abound), Paul Motian, Joe Chambers, bassists Gary Peacock, Ronnie Boykins (of Sun Ra’sArkestra), Ron Carter and vibist Bobby Hutcherson, singers Helen Merrill and Sheila Jordan — were likely prompted by the Civil Rights rally at the Lincoln Memorial on August 28 (occasion of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s “I Have A Dream” speech) and the September 15 bombings by the Klu Klux Klan of Birmingham, Alabama’s 16th St. Baptist Church, which targeted church-going children and killed four little girls. That bombing caused enormous outrage, is cited as a turning point against the KKK and in favor of Americans’ consititutional Civil Rights over those rights’ suppression through murder (i.e., American-born terrorism), and, among other effects, inspired John Coltrane’s beautiful, heart-rending composition “Alabama”.

 

The John Coltrane Quartet played ”Alabama” on Ralph J. Gleason‘s tv program “Jazz Casual.“
The Five Spot, site of legendary performances by Thelonious Monk (with Coltrane), Cecil Taylor, Charles Mingus and Ornette Coleman’s 1959 breakthrough band with Don Cherry, Charlie Haden and Billy Higgins, was on the southeast corner of Third Avenue and St. Marks Place (now a bagel and pizza joint). The CORE benefits’ emcees, besides Dr. Taylor who has made his mark as a jazz televison and radio broadcaster, educator and activist as well as pianist-composer-bandleader, were
  •  Don Heckman, then writing about music for the Village Voice, soon to go to the New York Times, and today, after a lengthy tenure with the now beleaguered Los Angeles Times, is a key blogger at Notes from the Left Coast and The International Review of Music;
  •  Alan Grant, then WABC disc jockey behind the radio show “Portraits In Jazz” eventually retired with his wife to New Zealand but with his own Last.fm channel;
  •  Ira Gitler, a ’50s record producer and in ’63 the New York editor for Down Beat, a jazz historian, author (with Leonard Feather of The Biographical Encyclopedia of Jazz) and journalist these days teaching at Manhattan School of Music and often read in New York’s Jazz Improv magazine.
Many of the musicians at the 1963 benefits are still creating vibrant music today, Among these are bassist and violinist Grimes, who provided the documents. Farmer wrote to him:
 

“Dear Mr. Grimes, All of us at CORE are deeply grateful for your help in making the benefit performances at the Five Spot a resounding success.

In the extremity of the Civil Rights battle that now confronts us, this kind of tangible and practical support is essential.

Thanking you again, I remain yours in freedom, James Farmer.

 GrimesH.forweb.200x257.jpg

This photo by Lee Tanner (thanks, Lee!) is of Grimes in the early ’60s, when he was a first call bassist for everyone from Benny Goodman to Cecil Taylor. After his relocation to the West Coast at the end of that decade, Grimes fell into a 30 year period of musical inactivity, but since his 2003 return to New York has made an extraordinary comeback to performing and recording, poetry writing and other forms of expression.
He and his wife, jazz advocate Margaret Davis Grimes, are proud to see the election of Barack Obama. At a dinner party in Berlin the day following Obama’s election, Grimes said, “We are rejoicing in getting used to this great new feeling. We have had all the years of wondering when things would ever come right, and now it’s all coming together as we have always known things have the power to do.” His wife added, “In one brilliant moment, the American people have risen to a higher level of consciousness, elevated and purified by the great light and grace of Barack Obama.” 
For all the hope and trust of the majority of the jazz community, that community has never been naive, and acknowledges that the struggle continues. 

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Comments

  1. HM says:
    January 19, 2009 at 6:31 pm

    Corrections: in the fourth graph above, it should be “the extraordinary gatherings . . . were likely prompted by . . .” please forgive my mis-typing of the caption under the YouTube clip of the John Coltrane Quartet playing “Alabama” on Gleason’s “Jazz Casual” . . .also “and killed four little girls” not “killing for little girls.” In the letter to Henry Grimes, James Farmer ended by writing “Thanking you again, I remain,” and Grimes said “. . .We have had all the years of wondering when thngs would ever come right, and now it’s all coming together as we have always known things have the power to do.” Thanks to Margaret David Grimes for pointing out these typos.

  2. Jack Reilly says:
    January 30, 2009 at 5:01 pm

    Howard,
    I played many a CORE benefit at the old Five Spot,( St. Marks Place and 3rd Avenue), with my trio and Sheila Jordan in the early 60′s. Donald Byrd, Al Cohn,and many others sat in with my trio.
    This piece brought back some serious times for Jazz and CORE.
    Jack Reilly

01/17/09 5:09 PM | filed under: main | |

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