{"id":1084,"date":"2016-09-04T08:31:02","date_gmt":"2016-09-04T15:31:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/?p=1084"},"modified":"2016-09-04T10:33:01","modified_gmt":"2016-09-04T17:33:01","slug":"artists-erased-from-the-web-and-our-growing-problem-with-facts","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2016\/09\/artists-erased-from-the-web-and-our-growing-problem-with-facts.html","title":{"rendered":"Artists Erased From The Web And Our Growing Problem With Facts"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"social-1157114_1280\"<\/a>
\n<\/a>Artist and author Dennis Cooper got his blog back<\/a> this week.\u00a0Google had suddenly removed the 14-year-old blog a few months ago without warning and had refused to answer Cooper’s repeated attempts to find out why.<\/p>\n

After the takedown got attention “from international<\/a> media<\/a> outlets<\/a>, a statement<\/a> of support from PEN America and a petition<\/a> to recover the blog,” Google finally responded to Cooper’s lawyers and agreed to give him his blog database. Why had the company removed it?<\/p>\n

According to Cooper, someone had reported a post on DC\u2019s Blog<\/a>, which was hosted on the Google-owned Blogspot, from 10 years ago as they felt it constituted child abuse images, and Google immediately deactivated his account.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

As I wrote recently<\/a>, last year YouTube (owned by Google) determined that streams of live concerts from the Ojai Music Festival were violating copyright and posted ads on the streams and threatened a takedown, even though the festival was broadcasting live performances and not the recordings that Google said whose copyrights were being violated.<\/p>\n

And last year New York Magazine critic Jerry Saltz was banned by Facebook<\/a> for a time for posting images that Facebook took issue with.<\/p>\n

There are dozens of stories about artists suddenly finding themselves cut off when Facebook or Google decide their work violates terms of service.<\/p>\n

Okay, so a few artists are inconvenienced because their work is controversial. But don’t Facebook and Google need to have some lines of unacceptability? Child porn? ISIS? Twitter recently took down 125,000 accounts <\/a>it said were promoting terrorism.<\/p>\n

Who’s Deciding What We See?<\/strong><\/p>\n

The problem is that the internet giants have consolidated into just a few massive platforms that have essentially become the web. Facebook has become the place from which hundreds of millions of people get their news, and its invisible algorithms determine who sees what. The algorithms are not passive or neutral. A change in the company’s algorithm earlier this year resulted in huge declines in traffic<\/a> to traditional news sites. More seriously, if you inadvertently run afoul of the company’s mechanisms, you lose the privilege of access altogether. Get erased from Google and you’re suddenly invisible to the world, cut off from the web altogether.<\/p>\n

Showing up is power. Wars are fought over the ability to show up, and societies are built on access to the common infrastructure essential to make them function. Our road system is public and its “terms of use” are transparent. We try not to let private companies control or enforce access. As our world has become more virtual, the internet has – as much or even perhaps more so than any traditional roadway – become the mechanism by which we show up. It has become part of the common infrastructure essential for the functioning of society.<\/p>\n

And yet these platforms are controlled by private companies with their own opaque and absolute rules and no process of appeal. In 2015 the US Department of Justice opposed the merger of Time Warner and Comcast, arguing that it would reduce competition<\/a> in the cable industry. Online, there is no equivalent “merger” to be blocked. Google and Facebook have already consolidated the space based on their success.<\/p>\n

The question is: are we comfortable letting shareholder-driven companies – any<\/em>\u00a0private company – have absolute control over infrastructure that is increasingly essential for the functioning of civil society? Deciding who is visible and who is not? What is acceptable to say and what is not? Who has access and who doesn’t?<\/p>\n

A Currency Of Information<\/strong><\/p>\n

One doesn’t have to be a conspiracy theorist to be concerned about how information spreads. Many political observers believe that facts don’t seem to matter in our current political climate. Au contraire. Facts matter more than they ever have, and everyone’s got their own. It’s actually not that they don’t matter – it’s that consensus on facts seems to have evanesced, leaving people to embrace\u00a0truths in bubble universes that increasingly self-reinforce, validate and corroborate themselves.<\/p>\n

These bubbles aren’t the result of gullible stupid people suddenly finding one another and getting together. They’re the result of algorithms that inflate versions of the world based on a currency not of facts or truth or importance but of raw attention. That which gets more attention is not only more valuable than that which doesn’t, it becomes, by virtue of the size of that attention a de facto truth, a fact.<\/p>\n

Was it ever thus. Yellow journalism anyone? The media gatekeepers of yore were far from perfect and their views of the world were narrow and establishment-centric. But in the pre-Facebook world yellow journalism would eventually run into the buzz-saw of fact. In the social media era there is no longer one buzz-saw, every bubble has its own. And no newspapers, magazines, TV network or number of\u00a0Politifacts<\/a>, Snopes<\/a> or FactCheck.orgs<\/a> has the ability to arbitrate with authority. Indeed, these fact-checkers tend to merely reinforce our information bubbles.<\/p>\n

Are these bubbles not a consequence of letting a few giant players establish a currency standard that determines the relative values of information and debate? These companies may or may not have political agendas, but they do have biases. And they have self-interests, many of which are not transparent, and some of which might not be in the public interest.<\/p>\n

So an artist loses his blog suddenly and without warning. And when Google finally does give Dennis Cooper back the contents which he created, which he thought he owned, it faces no accountability or consequence. And that’s a problem which points to a much bigger problem. Bad enough that Google can erase an artist like Dennis Cooper. More insidious that Facebook et al have – without accountability – created a de facto currency of information and hierarchy that encourages and rewards mobs. Now the mobs are getting restless.<\/p>\n

Image: Pixabay<\/a><\/h6>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Are we comfortable letting shareholder-driven companies – any private company – have absolute control over infrastructure that is increasingly essential for the functioning of civil society? Deciding who is visible and who is not? What is acceptable to say and what is not? Who has access and who doesn’t?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1093,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15,33,31],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-1084","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-arts-tech","8":"category-arts-and-politics","9":"category-audience","10":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/social-1157114_1280.jpg?fit=1280%2C872&ssl=1","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4ePZm-hu","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":68,"url":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2009\/03\/dog_days_a_new_artsjournal_blo.html","url_meta":{"origin":1084,"position":0},"title":"Dog Days, A new ArtsJournal Blog","author":"Douglas McLennan","date":"March 31, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Today we're happy to launch Dalouge Smith's new blog on arts advocacy. It's called Dog Days. Dalouge runs the San Diego Youth Symphony, and we met last summer in Chicago while I was writing a story on new thinking in how to run orchestras. Why a blog on arts advocacy?\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":343,"url":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2007\/06\/flyover_-_ajs_newest_blog-2.html","url_meta":{"origin":1084,"position":1},"title":"Flyover – AJ's Newest Blog","author":"Douglas McLennan","date":"June 10, 2007","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm very pleased to introduce our latest ArtsJourna blog. It's called Flyover, an ironic reference to the geographic location from whence the blog hails. Most of the chatter about the arts in America comes from the big cities, since that's where most of the art is made and shown. But\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "main"","block_context":{"text":"main","link":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/category\/main"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":130,"url":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2009\/10\/list_of_blogs_carrying_nationa.html","url_meta":{"origin":1084,"position":2},"title":"List of Blogs carrying National Arts Journalism Summit Today","author":"Douglas McLennan","date":"October 2, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"Thanks to those who volunteered to host a webstream of the Arts Journalism Summit at USC today. Streaming begins at 9AM pdt. See you in a few hours. (Looking for more information about the Summit? Go here.\u00a0www.minalhajratwala.com\/bloghttp:\/\/www.bendofbay.org\u00a0http:\/\/www.palmbeachartspaper.com\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.centerscene.blogspot.com\/\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/www.sfcv.org\/node\/6909http:\/\/www.austin360.com\/blogs\/content\/shared-gen\/blogs\/austin\/seeingthings\/index.html\u00a0http:\/\/www.AnnieStrack.blogspot.comhttp:\/\/www.mamaramabook.com\/blog\/www.judithingolfsson.comhttp:\/\/evansdonnell.blogspot.com\/2009\/10\/watch-national-summit-on-arts.htmlhttp:\/\/arts-america.blogspot.com\/http:\/\/moppenheim.comhttp:\/\/24seven.blogs.heraldtribune.com\/10354\/usc-to-hold-arts-journalism-summit\/http:\/\/houseseats.uniontrib.com \u00a0www.ced.pro.brwideningthei.wordpress.comhttp:\/\/voices.washingtonpost.com\/the-classical-beat \u00a0http:\/\/www.chloeveltman.com\/blog\/index.htmlhttp:\/\/www.joycegehl.blogspot.comhttp:\/\/blogs.tampabay.com\/art\u00a0www.HelloBeautifulBlog.comwww.imamuseum.org\/bloghttp:\/\/clevelandclassical.wordpress.com\/http:\/\/www.artsengagementexchange.org\/resources\/entry\/national_summit_on_arts_journalism\/http:\/\/www.belfry.bc.ca\/news\/webcast-national-summit-on-arts-journalism\/www.theatrelouisville.orghttp:\/\/movement-museum.blogspot.com\/\u00a0http:\/\/www.newmusicbox.org\/chatter.nmbxhttp:\/\/cseries.typepad.com\/celebrityseries\/http:\/\/dancealamode.wordpress.comhttp:\/\/bosccoartbuzz.blogspot.com","rel":"","context":"With 2 comments","block_context":{"text":"With 2 comments","link":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2009\/10\/list_of_blogs_carrying_nationa.html#comments"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":46,"url":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2008\/02\/a_new_blog_at_najp.html","url_meta":{"origin":1084,"position":3},"title":"A New Blog At NAJP","author":"Douglas McLennan","date":"February 4, 2008","format":false,"excerpt":"In my other life (what other life?) I'm the acting director of the National Arts Journalism Program (NAJP). NAJP started out as a project of the Pew Charitable Trusts in an attempt to help improve the state of arts journalism. I was an NAJP fellow at Columbia University in 1996-97.\u2026","rel":"","context":"In "main"","block_context":{"text":"main","link":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/category\/main"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]},{"id":535,"url":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2014\/01\/welcoming-a-new-aj-blogger-whose-art-is-the-audience.html","url_meta":{"origin":1084,"position":4},"title":"Welcoming A New AJ Blogger: Art of the audience","author":"Douglas McLennan","date":"January 27, 2014","format":false,"excerpt":"I'm very pleased to welcome a new blogger to ArtsJournal today. Lynne Conner will be writing the blog We the Audience, a blog about the relationships between artists and audiences. Lynne is a\u00a0professor in the theatre and dance department at Colby College in Maine, where she directs plays and teaches\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/conner.jpg?fit=392%2C582&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]},{"id":52,"url":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/2009\/03\/time_to_start_blogging_1.html","url_meta":{"origin":1084,"position":5},"title":"Time to start blogging","author":"Douglas McLennan","date":"March 16, 2009","format":false,"excerpt":"I've been using this blog mostly as a place to put administrative posts about AJ. But I've decided to take up blogging myself. First, a couple more administrative notes. We've been adding more blogs to AJ in recent weeks. Former NYTimes reporter Judith Dobrzynski's Real Clear Arts debuted last week\u2026","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"pi_shirt_in_box_medium.jpg","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/pi_shirt_in_box_medium.jpg?resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200},"classes":[]}],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1084"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1098,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1084\/revisions\/1098"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.artsjournal.com\/diacritical\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}