The Death Of The Theatre Program

Amanda Ameer's terrific post about classical music concert programs and related resources that may or may not help concertgoers get a handle on what they're about to experience in the concert hall recalled a similar conversation I had with a director friend a few days ago regarding theatre programs.

Until this friend asked me for my views about what constitutes an effective program, I hadn't given the idea much thought. Which is kind of embarrassing, considering the fact that I attend several theatrical productions a week and must have read and amassed thousands of programs over the years.

So what kinds of information should a program for a play contain beyond the usual cast list, biographies, roster of sponsors, ads by local restaurants and call for donations? And, while we're on the subject, should all of these standard elements be included at all? Is a program in the traditional sense of the word even relevant today?

One thing that theatre programs tend to include and which strikes me as totally unnecessary, is a letter from the artistic and/or executive director of the producing company. These letters are meant to be welcoming and informative, but they're usually completely dull, being loaded with panegyrics and generalizations. The AD/MD thanks the donors (do donors need to be thanked in the program? Surely a nice dinner / free theatre tickets / a brass nameplate on a seat-back says it all?) and pays bland lip service to the artistic team. Even worse, he or she might take a stab at summarizing the Big Themes of the play and talk about how they relate to the world we live in. It's all a bit of a waste of space really.

Then there's the production director or playwright's essay about the play. Some directors/playwrights choose to leave this out entirely while others like to spell out their thinking in detail. If the director/playwright has done her job well, then the play should really speak for itself. Program notes that go to great lengths to underline the main themes and metaphors etc. seem pointless to me, though it's always interesting, as an afterthought, to see to what extent the play fulfills the intentions written down in the program.

On the other hand, it can be useful and entertaining to have some pointers as an audience member. This is where dramaturgical research can come in handy. I like to look at tangential material such as paintings and photographs, websites, newspaper articles, poems, essays by philosophers/scientists/sociologists etc that went some way towards informing the production. These "third party" sources provide theatregoers with the tools to make the thematic connections themselves. They also provide some insight into the production process.

Which leads me to my next question: How much of this kind of information should -- or even can -- be delivered in the form of a traditional, stapled, paper program? Different theatre companies are experimenting with alternative ways of imparting information that might help enrich a theatregoer's experience. At Shotgun Players in Berkeley, for example, the lobby is transformed for each production. Before the play, during intermission and afterwards, audience members can wander around the building, enjoying the "exhibition" of fascinating visual and written materials related (albeit often in a tangential way) to the spirit and substance of the play.

Companies are increasingly putting information of this type online, going well beyond the remit of traditional paper-bound program notes. Web-based video/audio interviews with the main artistic collaborators, blogs, production photographs and other materials provide a valuable resource for theatregoers.

The more I think about it, the more programs in the traditional sense of the word, seem obsolete. I like the idea of enabling audience members to upload podcasts with useful information such as interviews with the lead actor and director to listen to on their way to the theatre, or partnering with local radio to deliver this information over the airwaves.

Better still, wouldn't it be great to receive an email from a theatre company the morning of the day I'm going to see a play, with all the useful information mentioned above included in it? That way, I could peruse and listen to the program notes on my laptop (Kindle, iPhone, Blackberry or whatever) at my leisure prior to and after attending the play.

Upon final analysis, maybe it would be a good thing if paper programs disappeared altogether. A simple one-page cast/production team list handed out at the start of the show to those that really want it should suffice. We'd save lots of trees, for one thing. Interns wouldn't have to spend entire days collating and stapling pages together, for another.
January 8, 2009 8:27 AM | | Comments (13)

13 Comments

Pls help me remember the name of the non-existant person that was traditionally inserted in the cast or crew of plays early 20th century. We always added this name in our programs as an inside joke, but now I"m old. Guess the joke's on me!

Thanks....

I just want to add to what a few others have talked about in this post.

The program, in its current form, is a huge revenue source for theatres. Not only in the direct advertising money that is generated, but also in terms of contributed income. Donors (individual and corporate) want to be recognized for their gifts, and they want their friends to know about it. Along with that, we want to thank them to increase the likelihood of future donations. Yes, that list can be found on most theatre's websites, but more people will glance through the program than explore a theatre's sometimes complicated website.

I think providing an audience member with "context" for the piece is a wonderful idea. I too have seen lobby displays and such aiming to provide a richer understanding and enjoyment of the piece. I applaud this movement, and hope that in the future we find additional ways to enrich the experience of our audience.

Chloe, this is a really interesting post, and has clearly raised passions. As a sometime programme editor myself, it prompted me to reflect on what audiences might need and how the process works, and I've posted some thoughts on my own AJ blog. But I agree that it's useful to have at least a cast sheet during the performance, and I think can be helpful, and stimulating, to have a lot more than that in your hand. Of course, as Dana Ivey writes, bios are taken very seriously by those involved (ditto funding credits, or the dreary intros... as a rule of thumb the less likely an audience is to read it, the longer the discussion it entails for the publications team). I feel that a good, lively programme will stimulate thought and debate - and I don't see why that has to be solely in print or solely digital. A multi-platform approach in which these forms complement each other, raising ideas along with income, seems a good way to go.

Though I agree on several points, I don't think I could get through a production (especially a musical) without a program. In part, it is because I like to look up the names and resumes of actors I find particularly good or bad, and in part because I like to be able to tell where we are in the show.

One thing we forget is that programs are an effective form of advertising for the theatre itself. Though many of them are left in the trash or on the floor at the end of the show, just as many or more are brought up with the audience at the end of the night. Then, this will be found in a purse or the backseat of a car months later, and that person will remember the (hopefully) good time they had at that particular theatre and be more likely to return because of that tangible reminder.

Three thoughts on this:

1. imagine the little lights flashing in the darkened auditorium during the performance as people access their programmes on hand held gizmos; is that better or worse than the discreet rustle of a theatre programme?

2. Loss of revenue - it would need to be made up through ads on the electronic version - probably neutral as long as the theatre/performance company negotiated well.

3. Archive...... we know about past performances for centuries through, in part, theatre programmes; how will future theatre practitioners/researchers access a digital archive? Is there funding already in place to ensure this happens? (answer NO - web sites, blogs etc are not being captured for posterity.)

I'm not suggesting a luddite solution, and practical needs have to be tailored to thechnical possibilities - so come on Gates & Jobs, you've given us instant technological possibilities, now give us the means to archive them for the future.

For actors, it is very important to be listed and have a bio. Maybe most people don't read bios of the cast, but they are very important to the actors. I doubt actors would want to work in a situation that didn't allow them and/or their names to be published and recognized. An actor hopes that people will want to know more about them and their credits. Most actors are not paid much and the slight recognition of the program listing and bio are part of what makes it worthwhile.

Now there's a design challenge: a non-paper program that old, crabby people would marvel at. It seems like a project perfect for a good design school student or class: the paperless theatre program.

For one local theater company, the program brings in $150,000 revenue a year. Just because you don't approve of the content and would prefer to take it electronically, or omit it altogether, well, speak for yourself. I disagree and like programs just as they are.

Quirky. Pompous. With a list of members of my community who cared enough to give a donation, a boring letter from the big cheese and sometimes pandering, sometimes fascinating bios of the actors.

As a collector of theatre programmes, I enjoy good ones. I quite like British programmes which one must pay for and I find very informative.

My biggest gripe about programmes is that actors don't seem to know how to write a professional biography anymore. Tell me what you've done; I don't want to get to know you as a person.

I'm tired of actors writing bios that sound more like acceptance speeches for awards that haven't been won. Or worse, brown-nosing thank-you's to directors and producers for casting them. You know what I mean: "Bob is so honoured to be working with this talented cast and crew and thrilled to be working with such a distinguished director as Joe Blow in this historic theatre. He wants to thank his lovely wife/life-partner/children/mother/father/pets for their love and support and dedicates his performance to his wife/life-partner/children/mother/father/pets."

What is this whole thing about dedicating one's performance? What if one's performance is lousy or critically-lambasted? What kind of honour is that dedication bestowing on the recipient? And if you were good enough to get cast, don't go publicly currying favour with those who cast you. Be grateful on your own time. Otherwise, it smacks of desperation. A professional shouldn't have to go Uriah Heeping around for being talented enough to get hired.

And do we really need the cutesy little lines like "but Bob's greatest production has been his daughter, little Megan." Please, I want to vomit when I read something like this. And I usually find it is someone's code to let you know their sexuality. More often than not, any time a wife or a same-sex partner is mentioned, thanked, or invoked as a dedicatee, it comes off as the actor announcing he is either a card-carrying heterosexual or proudly homosexual. If your partner's not in the business or somebody of note, don't mentioned them. I don't mind, "Bob live in New York, with his wife, a stage designer, and their three children." But that's as personal as it needs to get.

Just tell me your professional accomplishments and what else I might have seen you in or know you from. Don't inflict your personal life on me.

Like tickets I think programs are here to stay.
Audiences expect them and they are valuable to give the person who doesn't have time like our critic wjo gets paid for it to do a lot of research on the program. (its not like they are going to do a thesis on the play).

It also usually has a bio on the actors which they deserve and helps to develop a following.
The idea of crowds reading walls at intermission
doesn't fluy on the whole. A few might do it but most are going to the john, buying a glass of wine or talking.

Saving trees always a good idea so is recycled paper.

I'm all for saving trees, but I think we need to examine the average age of a theatergoer before dispensing with a paper program. I know it comes as a shock to anyone under 30 (maybe 40), but not everyone has a laptop, Kindle, Iphone, Blackberry or something else electronic, nor do they want their information this way. It would be a terrible disservice to the patrons as well as the actors, directors and other creative types who would go unknown were it not for printed program.

Great idea -- programs are mostly just a waste of resources. All I need is info on the cast and crew, really. The rest is fluff.

I like the idea of having this info available online so I can read it before i get to the theater. Then I can spend time before the play begins chatting with my guest instead of trying to learn who's who in the cast.

Sometimes the AD's letter is interesting and provides insight as to why the play was selected. But usually you're right, it's just a puff piece. Instead, the director could talk about it briefly in the introduction when we're told to turn off our cell phones,

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