Castiglione Casting: Auctioned "Chinese" Bronzes, Sought By China, Likely Italian-Designed
Jackie Chan, repatriation fighter
Calling the two 18th-century Qing Dynasty bronzes of a rat and rabbit, auctioned yesterday by Christie's, "Chinese bronzes" (as I did in yesterday's post) is a bit of a misnomer.
According to Christie's catalogue entry:
These superb and remarkably realistic heads were almost certainly designed by Giuseppe Castiglione [an Italian Jesuit missionary living in China]. Clear similarities can be seen, for example, between the style of the bronze head of the monkey from the clepsydra (sold by Christie's Hong Kong in April 2000) and that of the animal in the painting "A White Monkey" by Castiglione and now in the National Palace Museum in Taipei.Although the looting of the Summer Palace in Beijing, to which these sculptures belonged, was deplorable, I think it's legitimate to question why China has chosen to pick an international fight over these objects---not antiquities, not by a Chinese sculptor, pillaged almost 150 years ago. Even ardent repatriationists recognize that source countries' claims, for the most part, should be subject to a cutoff date. Most objects illegally removed from the source country before that date should be granted repose, or thousands of pieces would be flying around the world. The 1860 date of the pillage of the Summer Palace would seem to predate any reasonable cutoff.
Even Patty Gerstenblith, a American lawyer specializing in international cultural property issues, who has become journalists' go-to person for pithy quotes calling for repatriation of just about everything, said this to the NY Times about these bronzes:
My view is this was looted, but it would be difficult to get that legally back. But it's got great historical significance and ought to be returned.
Undaunted by the legal obstacles to its objective, China is asserting its position any way it can---posture that some attribute to China's anger over French President Sarkozy's support for Tibetan rights during last
year's Olympics in Beijing.
The seller of the objects, Pierre Bergé, had provocatively promised to relinquish the rat and rabbit to China "in exchange for Chinese human rights guarantees and permission for the exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, to return to Tibet," as Maureen Fan of the Washington Post reported. (That offer was a non-starter.)
The seller of the objects, Pierre Bergé, had provocatively promised to relinquish the rat and rabbit to China "in exchange for Chinese human rights guarantees and permission for the exiled spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, to return to Tibet," as Maureen Fan of the Washington Post reported. (That offer was a non-starter.)
Xinhua, the Chinese news agency, today quotes China's State Administration of Cultural Heritage as declaring that this incident had "damaged Chinese citizens' cultural rights and feelings and will have serious effects on Christie's development in China."
Le-Min Lim and Stephanie Wong of Bloomberg have more details on what this could mean for the auction house:
London-based Christie's must give details of the ownership and provenance of any artifacts it wants to bring into or out of China, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage [SACH] said today in a statement on its website. [The "English" button on that website didn't work for me.] Antiques that are without papers won't be allowed to enter or leave....China's move today implies added paperwork on antiques handled by Christie's, and may make it tougher for mainland Chinese to bring home artifacts they buy from the company's auctions.Christie's has a 23-year-old office in Hong Kong and holds auctions there in May and November. Some 12 sales are scheduled at the end of this May. When I asked Christie's if these are now in jeopardy, I received this reply from Toby Usnik, the auction house's chief spokesperson:
Christie's abides by all international and local laws affecting us in our sale jurisdictions. Christie's has a public history of cooperating with customs and government officials in the few cases where there were questions with legal ownership or cultural patrimony.As if things weren't bad enough, Christie's may also have to mess with martial-arts star Jackie Chan (who plans to make a film about repatriation of Chinese antiquities).
In this instance the legal ownership of the fountainheads was clearly confirmed, and we have directly and honestly engaged with SACH in discussing the YSL [Yves Saint Laurent] sale over the past months. We explained our obligation to offer the heads under a binding contract with the vendor covering the entire YSL collection.
We continue to believe that sale by public auction offers the best opportunity for items to be repatriated as a result of worldwide exposure. Christie's remains committed to China and is sincere in our respect for the government's concerns. We stand ready to discuss the situation with SACH.
Great Britain's Times quotes Chan saying this from Hong Kong about the Christie's-auctioned objects:
They remain looted items, no matter whom they were sold to. Whoever took it out [of China] is himself a thief. It was looting yesterday. It is still looting today.At least Christie's can console itself with the stellar results of the three-day series of auctions that, if not the Sale of the (still young) Century, was a major art-market watershed. The Saint Laurent/Bergé dispersal fetched a staggering $483.84 million and was 95.5% sold by lot, and 93% sold by value.
No one's put up those kinds of numbers for a major sale since the global financial crisis began.
February 26, 2009 12:20 PM
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CULTUREGRRL (Lee Rosenbaum) is the artworld's award-winning "best blog."

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LEE ROSENBAUM I'm a veteran cultural journalist with many pieces in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal and major art magazines. I have been a cultural contributor on New York Public Radio (WNYC and WQXR) and have provided arts commentary on NPR and public radio stations in Philadelphia and Los Angeles. I am a HuffPost Arts writer. I've been profiled on the PBS NewsHour with Jim Lehrer's Art Beat and in the Chicago Reader. I've appeared as an art-market commentator on BBC-TV and have published numerous Op-Ed pieces in the New York Times and Los Angeles Times. I am author of The Complete Guide to Collecting Art (Knopf) and have lectured on cultural property issues at the New Acropolis Museum and the University of Pennsylvania, on deaccessioning at at Investigative Reporters and Editors 2011 Annual Meeting, Columbia Law School, the University of Iowa and a conference of the Museum Association of New York, on museum governance and cultural property issues at Seton Hall University, on arts blogging at American University and on Smithsonian exhibition controversies at Rutgers University.
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________________________
moreLEE ROSENBAUM I'm a veteran cultural journalist with many pieces in the New York Times, Wall Street Journal and major art magazines. I have been a cultural contributor on New York Public Radio (WNYC and WQXR) and have provided arts commentary on NPR and public radio stations in Philadelphia and Los Angeles. I am a HuffPost Arts writer. I've been profiled on the PBS NewsHour with Jim Lehrer's Art Beat and in the Chicago Reader. I've appeared as an art-market commentator on BBC-TV and have published numerous Op-Ed pieces in the New York Times and Los Angeles Times. I am author of The Complete Guide to Collecting Art (Knopf) and have lectured on cultural property issues at the New Acropolis Museum and the University of Pennsylvania, on deaccessioning at at Investigative Reporters and Editors 2011 Annual Meeting, Columbia Law School, the University of Iowa and a conference of the Museum Association of New York, on museum governance and cultural property issues at Seton Hall University, on arts blogging at American University and on Smithsonian exhibition controversies at Rutgers University.
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